Does Conspecific Fighting Yield Conditioned Taste Aversion in Rats?

Nakajima, Sadahiko; Kumazawa, Gaku; Ieki, Hayato; Hashimoto, Aya

doi:10.1007/bf03395788

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…It is remarkable that consumption of the same solution would gradually increase over days if the bottle access were not followed by running (cf. Hayashi et al, 2002;Masaki & Nakajima, 2010;Nakajima, 2014;Nakajima, Kumazawa, Ieki, & Hashimoto, 2012). Figure 4 summarizes the mean saccharin and tap water intakes averaged over the 2 test days, because the day factor had no effect on the test data.…”

Section: Fluid Intakementioning

confidence: 99%

Running-based pica and taste avoidance in rats

Nakajima

2017

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Running in an activity wheel generates pica behavior (kaolin clay intake) in rats. Wheel running also results in Pavlovian conditioned avoidance of the taste solution consumed immediately before the running. Since pica has been considered a behavioral marker of nausea in rats, these findings suggest that wheel running induces nausea, which is the underlying physiological state for establishing taste avoidance. This article reports a replication of running-based pica in rats (Experiment 1) and concurrent demonstrations of running-based pica and taste avoidance in the same animals (Experiments 2 and 3). Also shown is that pica does not alleviate running-based taste avoidance (Experiment 3). Another finding is that pica is generated by a nausea-inducing lithium chloride injection but not by a pain-inducing hypertonic saline injection (Experiment 4). These results, when taken together, support the hypothesis that pica behavior generated by wheel running reflects nausea in rats.

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Section: Fluid Intakementioning

confidence: 99%

Running-based pica and taste avoidance in rats

Nakajima

2017

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“…Several hypotheses have been proposed for the physiological cause of running-based CTA, which include activation of the mesolimbic dopamine system [40], motion sickness by rocking movement of wheels [30], energy expenditure by physical exercise [57], and general stress [58]. Unfortunately, all of these accounts have their own inconvenient truths [43, 50, 52, 56].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Food aversion learning based on voluntary running in non-deprived rats: a technique for establishing aversive conditioning with minimized discomfort

Nakajima

2019

Exp. Anim.

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This article presents an experimental preparation for establishing conditioned food aversion (CFA) by voluntary wheel running in rats with laboratory chow and water freely available. In Experiment 1, unfamiliar food (raisins) was avoided by rats when they first encountered it. This neophobic food avoidance was habituated by repeated tests; the rats gradually increased their raisin consumption. However, the consumption remained suppressed in rats that accessed the raisins after wheel running. This finding implies that running yielded CFA, which suppressed consumption of the unfamiliar food rather than increasing it. Because running generated kaolin clay ingestion, which is a behavioral marker of nausea, it is suggested that the running-based CFA was mediated by weak gastrointestinal discomfort. Experiment 2 supported the claim that the suppressed consumption is due to running-based CFA by showing the specificity of food suppression. Demonstration of CFA based on voluntary activity in non-deprived rats will contribute to basic research on learning and memory as an alternative technique for studying aversive conditioning with minimized discomfort in animals.

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“…We have claimed that energy expenditure caused by swimming or running activity yields flavor avoidance in rats (e.g., Nakajima & Masaki, 2004). This hypothesis is now shaky, because the energy expenditure seems neither necessary nor sufficient at least for running-based flavor avoidance learning (Nakajima, 2011;Nakajima, Kumazawa, Ieki, & Hashimoto, 2012). On the other hand, a growing body of evidence is accumulating to show that gastrointestinal discomfort (e.g., nausea) is critical for running-based flavor avoidance learning (Dwyer, Boakes, & Hayward, 2008;Eccles, Kim, & O'Hare, 2005;Nakajima & Katayama, 2014;Nakajima, Urata, & Ogawa, 2006).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Swimming in Flavored Water Leads to Avoidance of that Flavorin Laboratory Rats (Rattus norvegicus)

Nakajima¹

2015

IJCP

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This article consists of two experiments reporting conditioned flavor avoidance (or taste aversion) in laboratory rats that swam in the flavored water. A statistically reliable effect was demonstrated in Experiment 1 by using a simple conditioning procedure with sweet (sodium saccharin) water. Compared with control rats that had no swimming experience or those that swam in tap water, experimental rats showed avoidance of the sweet water in the choice test between it and tap water, if they had swum in the sweet water for 20 min over four days. Rinsing the rats off with tap water after the swimming had no effect on this flavor avoidance learning. This finding suggests that tasting the sweet water during swimming was critical. Experiment 2 confirmed the flavor avoidance learning in swimming rats by a differential conditioning procedure with sour (citric acid) and bitter (denatonium benzoate) solutions. Although the effect size was relatively small in the two experiments reported here, this new procedure may contribute to future research concerning Pavlovian conditioning due to its procedural simplicity.

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Does Conspecific Fighting Yield Conditioned Taste Aversion in Rats?

Cited by 9 publications

References 30 publications

Running-based pica and taste avoidance in rats

Running-based pica and taste avoidance in rats

Food aversion learning based on voluntary running in non-deprived rats: a technique for establishing aversive conditioning with minimized discomfort

Swimming in Flavored Water Leads to Avoidance of that Flavorin Laboratory Rats (Rattus norvegicus)

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