Does Concern About Breast Cancer Inhibit or Promote Breast Cancer Screening?

McCaul, Kevin D.; Reid, Patricia A.; Rathge, Richard W.; Martinson, Beverly

doi:10.1207/s15324834basp1802_5

Cited by 50 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Consistent with other research (e.g., McCaul et al, 1996;Murray & McMillan, 1993, see Hay, Buckley, & Ostroff, 2005 for a review), worry about breast cancer was associated with increased BSE intentions, F(1,88) = 10.75, p = .001, η p 2 = .042, but the mortality salience and creatureliness manipulations had the same pattern of significant effects even when worry was controlled (p = .05 for interaction; p = .001 for the pairwise comparison in the mortality salient condition). These findings indicate that conscious worry about breast cancer did not mediate the effects of mortality salience and creatureliness on BSE intentions.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

Uncovering an existential barrier to breast self-exam behavior

Goldenberg

Arndt

Hart

et al. 2008

Journal of Experimental Social Psychology

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The present research applies an analysis derived from terror management theory to the health domain of breast examination, and in doing so uncovers previously unrecognized factors that may contribute to women's reluctance to perform breast self-examinations (BSEs). In Study 1, when concerns about mortality were primed, reminders of human beings' physical nature (i.e., creatureliness) reduced intentions to conduct BSEs compared to reminders of humans' uniqueness. In Study 2, women conducted shorter exams on a breast model (an experience found to increase death-thought accessibility) when creatureliness was primed compared to a uniqueness and no essay condition. In Study 3, after a creatureliness prime, women performed shorter BSEs when a placebo did not provide an alternative explanation for their discomfort compared to when it did. Advances for theory and breast self-exam promotion are discussed."The body, then, is one's animal fate that has to be struggled against … the creatureliness is the terror" Ernest Becker (The Denial of Death, 1973, pp. 44, 87) Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women, and the second leading cause of cancer deaths in women today (American

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

Uncovering an existential barrier to breast self-exam behavior

Goldenberg

Arndt

Hart

et al. 2008

Journal of Experimental Social Psychology

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“…Behavioral barriers were shown to be more important than structural factors to this older, minority population, but the most important behavioral factors were related to cancer fears and to the woman's information and knowledge of cancer. Fear served as a motivating factor for the older African-American women in this study, as it did for Mexican-American women in another study [23]. These results were in opposition to those found in another study of African-American women [22], and in research among white women [18].…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 95%

“…The sense of fatalism is also more apparent in the AfricanAmerican community [22], and as noted above, is a deterrent to preventive health behavior. Cancer fear similarly deters screening among African-American women [22], in contrast to whites who are more likely to be screened if they fear BC [23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Breast cancer screening barriers and mammography completion in older minority women

Young

Severson

2005

Breast Cancer Res Treat

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Older women, with greater breast cancer risk than younger cohorts, should be targeted as a high need population for cancer screening. Even when financial and insurance barriers are removed mammography rates are 1/3 those of women <50. Since failure to be screened is related to knowledge and information barriers, health care providers have the potential to educate their older patients and subsequently increase the likelihood they will have regular cancer screening.

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“…In terms of socioemotional factors, women who reported greater stress and greater embarrassment reported fewer mammograms; [33][34][35][36] whereas women who reported greater cancer worry, which is a very specific type of anxiety, reported more mammograms. 10,58,59 Given the complexity of the relations between fear and screening noted in previous research 53,60 and some previous failures to find this effect among African Americans, 53,61 demonstrating the generality of this effect across groups is an important contribution. Finally, reports of greater discomfort or pain associated with previous mammography predicted greater screening.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Diversity matters: Unique populations of women and breast cancer screening

Magai

Consedine

Conway

et al. 2004

Cancer

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BACKGROUND. Ethnic differences in breast cancer screening behaviors are well established. However, there is a lack of understanding regarding exactly what causes these differences and which characteristics in low-screening populations should be targeted in an effort to modify screening behavior. METHODS.Stratified cluster sampling was used to recruit 1364 women (ages 50 -70 years) from 6 ethnic groups: African-American women; U.S.-born white women;English-speaking Caribbean, Haitian, and Dominican women; and immigrant Eastern-European women. In interviews, respondents provided information concerning demographic and structural variables related to mammogram utilization (age, education, income, marital status, physician recommendation, access, and insurance) and a set of cognitive variables (fatalism, perception of personal risk, health beliefs concerning cancer) and socioemotional variables (stress, cancer worry, embarrassment, and pain). RESULTS.For data analysis, the authors used a 2-step logistic regression with frequency of mammograms over a 10-year period (Յ 4 mammograms over 10 years or Ն 5 mammograms over 10 years) as a dependent variable. U.S.-born AfricanAmerican women and Dominican women were screened as frequently as European-American women, but the remaining minority groups were screened with less frequency. With one exception, ethnicity ceased to predict screening frequency once cognitive and emotional variables were controlled. CONCLUSIONS.Although women from clearly operationalized ethnic groups continue to screen at rates substantially below those of the majority groups, these differences appear to be explained substantially by differences in psychologic variables. This is encouraging because, rather than targeting culture for interven- B reast cancer is the second most common malignancy in women. 1 Although there has been some recent controversy, 2 a number of studies and reviews have shown that mammography reduces mortality, 3,4 and several authors have argued that early detection and screening represent our best means for decreasing breast cancer mortality. [5][6][7] Across the last 2 decades, a large body of descriptive research has documented the background factors that are believed to act barriers to, and facilitators of, mammography. In general, greater age, 8 -13 lower income and education, 14 -16 single marital status, 10 the absence of insurance, 17 and lack of physician recommendation 6,18 -20 all were reported to be predictive of poorer mammography utilization. Minority women also are less likely to have regular mammograms, a finding that is attributed commonly to lower education and income. What is of interest, however, is that ethnic differences in screening behavior persist even when variables such as socioeconomic status or education do not differ or are controlled statistically. 7,21,22 A growing number of screening studies also have examined an array of cognitive, attitudinal, and emotional factors that act as barriers to regular screening: patient perceptions of vulnerability,...

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Does Concern About Breast Cancer Inhibit or Promote Breast Cancer Screening?

Cited by 50 publications

References 10 publications

Uncovering an existential barrier to breast self-exam behavior

Uncovering an existential barrier to breast self-exam behavior

Breast cancer screening barriers and mammography completion in older minority women

Diversity matters: Unique populations of women and breast cancer screening

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