Does Competition Among Public Schools Benefit Students and Taxpayers?

Hoxby, Caroline M.

doi:10.1257/aer.90.5.1209

Cited by 771 publications

(287 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Although findings on the effects of school choice in the United States are mixed (e.g., see Greene et al 1997, Rouse 1998, Witte 1995, Hoxby 2000, Krueger & Zhu 2003), a study in Colombia suggests that vouchers with a merit-scholarship component can be effective in improving short- and medium-term student achievement for participants in a developing-country setting, where the absolute quality of public schooling is low. Under the Programa de Ampliacion de Cobertura de la Educacion Secundaria (PACES), Colombia awarded nearly 125,000 vouchers between 1991 and 1997 that partly covered the costs of private school for students from poor neighborhoods.…”

Section: School Choicementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Advocates argue that vouchers are beneficial even for the students that remain in public schools because school choice induces public schools to improve to retain pupils (Hoxby 2000). Most voucher skeptics are concerned that gains for participants may come at the expense of nonparticipants, through changes in sorting that worsen peer composition in public schools (for two nonrandomized studies of Chile’s national voucher program that try to examine aggregate effects, see Gallego 2006, Hsieh & Urquiola 2006).…”

Section: School Choicementioning

confidence: 99%

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Improving Education in the Developing World: What Have We Learned from Randomized Evaluations?

2009

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Across a range of contexts, reductions in education costs and provision of subsidies can boost school participation, often dramatically. Decisions to attend school seem subject to peer effects and time-inconsistent preferences. Merit scholarships, school health programs, and information about returns to education can all cost-effectively spur school participation. However, distortions in education systems, such as weak teacher incentives and elite-oriented curricula, undermine learning in school and much of the impact of increasing existing educational spending. Pedagogical innovations designed to address these distortions (such as technology-assisted instruction, remedial education, and tracking by achievement) can raise test scores at a low cost. Merely informing parents about school conditions seems insufficient to improve teacher incentives, and evidence on merit pay is mixed, but hiring teachers locally on short-term contracts can save money and improve educational outcomes. School vouchers can cost-effectively increase both school participation and learning.

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Section: School Choicementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: School Choicementioning

confidence: 99%

Improving Education in the Developing World: What Have We Learned from Randomized Evaluations?

2009

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“…In some contexts, public education may have higher quality and lead to higher achievement than private education (Newhouse & Beegle, 2006). Competition between the private and public sectors may also improve educational outcomes (Hoxby, 2000; Thapa, 2013). Competition and choice are often invoked in favor of private education, but the reality of how private and public educational institutions operate is more complex (Henig, 1995; Dill, 1997; Plank & Sykes, 2003; Tooley, 2013).…”

Section: Conceptual Frameworkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does the type of higher education affect labor market outcomes? Evidence from Egypt and Jordan

2017

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In Egypt and Jordan there is a substantial mismatch between the output of the higher education system and the needs of the labor market. Both demand and supply-side factors could be driving this mismatch. This paper tests a key supply-side issue, whether differences in the institutional structures and incentives in higher education affect the labor market outcomes of graduates. Specifically, we ask if the stronger alignment of incentives in private relative to public higher education institutions produces more employable human capital and better labor market outcomes. We examine the impact of the type of higher education institution a person attends on several labor market outcomes while controlling for his or her pre-enrollment characteristics. The results demonstrate that supply-side issues and institutional incentives have little impact on labor market outcomes while family background plays by far the largest role. Proposed reforms for higher education often suggest increasing the role of the private sector in provision of higher education. Our findings indicate that this approach is unlikely to improve labor market outcomes.

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“…In the United States, Hoxby (1996a) attempts to link the existence of higher private school tuition subsidies (intended to proxy vouchers) to per-pupil and total public school spending. In neither case does she find a statistically significant effect.…”

Section: M~'ewanmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An additional strand of empirical literature explores the efficiency-enhancing effects of competition among public schools, although I shall not review that literature (Blair & Staley, 1995;Borland & Howsen, 1992;Hoxby, 1994b;Zanzig, 1997).…”

Section: Notesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Potential Impact of Large-Scale Voucher Programs

McEwan

2000

Review of Educational Research

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This review assesses the potential impact of large-scale voucher programs, drawing on empirical literature in economics, education, and sociology. The discussion is guided by three research questions, grounded within an economic framework. First, are private schools more efficient than public schools? Second, does the increasingly competitive schooling market promoted by vouchers cause public schools to become more efficient? And third, do vouchers result in increased student sorting across public and private schools–perhaps increasing segregation by socioeconomic status–and what does sorting portend for student outcomes? For some questions, there is a paucity of credible evidence. For others, evidence from non-voucher systems is used inappropriately to forecast the impact of vouchers. The review concludes that empirical evidence is not sufficiently compelling to justify, either strong advocacy or opposition to large-scale voucher programs.

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Does Competition Among Public Schools Benefit Students and Taxpayers?

Cited by 771 publications

References 10 publications

Improving Education in the Developing World: What Have We Learned from Randomized Evaluations?

Improving Education in the Developing World: What Have We Learned from Randomized Evaluations?

Does the type of higher education affect labor market outcomes? Evidence from Egypt and Jordan

The Potential Impact of Large-Scale Voucher Programs

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