Does Change in Self-reported Mindfulness Mediate the Clinical Benefits of Mindfulness Training? A Controlled Study Using the French Translation of the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire

Heeren, Alexandre; Deplus, Sandrine; Peschard, Virginie; Nef, François; Kotsou, Ilios; Dierickx, Christophe; Mondillon, Laurie; Robinaugh, Donald J.; Philippot, Pierre

doi:10.1007/s12671-014-0287-1

Cited by 21 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…The finding that mindfulness facets did not mediate the effects of the intervention on depressive symptoms is not in line with previous studies (e.g., Heeren et al, 2015;Haenen, Nyklíček, van Son, Pop, & Pouwer, 2016). The finding that only observing and non-reacting facets of mindfulness were significant mediators of the effects of the intervention is consistent with theoretical accounts on the definition of the construct as non-judgmental and non-reactive present-moment awareness (Bishop et al, 2004), and with previous studies (e.g., Heeren et al, 2015;Josefsson, Larsman, Broberg & Lundh, 2011). Given the high stress environments that characterize oncology nursing, being able to be present to one's ongoing experience, whether by listening empathically to a patient or performing a technical procedure, as well as being able to recognize bias and judgments in thinking, or difficult emotions and sensations, and non-reacting to them, may be crucial not only for nurses' well-being but also for effective care.…”

Section: Two-condition Within-subjects' Mediation Analysiscontrasting

confidence: 82%

“…The finding that a mindfulness intervention changes trait mindfulness is in line with the literature (Visted, Vøllestad, Nielsen, & Nielsen, 2015;Gu et al, 2015). The finding that mindfulness facets did not mediate the effects of the intervention on depressive symptoms is not in line with previous studies (e.g., Heeren et al, 2015;Haenen, Nyklíček, van Son, Pop, & Pouwer, 2016). The finding that only observing and non-reacting facets of mindfulness were significant mediators of the effects of the intervention is consistent with theoretical accounts on the definition of the construct as non-judgmental and non-reactive present-moment awareness (Bishop et al, 2004), and with previous studies (e.g., Heeren et al, 2015;Josefsson, Larsman, Broberg & Lundh, 2011).…”

Section: Two-condition Within-subjects' Mediation Analysissupporting

confidence: 79%

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Mindfulness, self-compassion and psychological inflexibility mediate the effects of a mindfulness-based intervention in a sample of oncology nurses

Duarte

Pinto‐Gouveia

2017

Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science

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Objectives: Mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) have received large empirical support for their efficacy. In comparison, few studies have explored the underlying mechanisms and processes through which MBIs impact outcomes. This study aimed to explore the potential role of trait mindfulness, self-compassion and psychological inflexibility as mediators of the effects of a MBI on burnout, compassion fatigue, psychological symptoms and satisfaction with life.Method: This study used data from a non-randomized controlled study with a sample of oncology nurses. Participants were recruited from two large oncology hospitals in Portugal's north and centre regions. A sample of 94 oncology nurses agreed to participate in the study and self-selected into an experimental (n = 45) and a wait-list comparison condition (n = 48).Participants in the wait-list comparison condition received the intervention at a later date.Complete data was obtained for 48 of the initial 94 participants, mainly due to poor follow-up data rather than high drop-out rate. The data analysed was from both waitlist and intervention participants after the waitlist group had received the intervention. Participants completed selfreport measures to assess several processes, such as mindfulness, psychological inflexibility, self-compassion, and several outcomes, such as burnout and compassion fatigue, depression, anxiety and stress symptoms, and satisfaction with life.Results: Changes in mindfulness mediated changes in burnout, anxiety and stress, and satisfaction with life; changes in self-compassion mediated the impact of the intervention on burnout, depression, anxiety, stress and satisfaction with life; and psychological inflexibility mediated reductions in burnout, compassion fatigue, depression, and stress.Conclusions: These findings contribute to the growing body of research examining the underlying mechanisms at work in MBIs, and highlight the importance of mindfulness, selfcompassion and psychological inflexibly as key change processes.3

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Section: Two-condition Within-subjects' Mediation Analysiscontrasting

confidence: 82%

Section: Two-condition Within-subjects' Mediation Analysissupporting

confidence: 79%

Mindfulness, self-compassion and psychological inflexibility mediate the effects of a mindfulness-based intervention in a sample of oncology nurses

Duarte

Pinto‐Gouveia

2017

Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science

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“…Hence, our findings suggest that the changes induced by mindfulness training generalized to different types of situations. Our observation of an improvement in Describing and Nonreactivity to inner experience is also consistent with previous studies reporting that improvement on general psychopathological symptoms following mindfulness training were mediated by the increased capacities in these two facets only ( Heeren et al, 2015 ). Results for the Nonreactivity facet are convergent with recent findings suggesting that improvement in top-down attention control, and more particularly inhibitory control, reduces psychological distress ( Heeren, Coussement, & McNally, 2016 ; Houben, Wiers, & Jansen, 2011 ; Owens, Koster, Derakshan, 2013 ; Schweizer, Grahn, Hampshire, Mobbs, & Dalgleish, 2013 ).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Moreover, it has been pointed out that TTM patients experience tension prior to pulling that is relieved after the pulling, leading, through operant conditioning, to the maintenance of a pulling behavior in response to the experience of such a tension (see above). As it has been showed that mindfulness training improves the ability to allow one’s feeling (pleasant and unpleasant) to come and go without reacting to them ( Heeren et al, 2015 ), one might speculate that such a mindfulness practice per se might help to alleviate TTM.…”

Section: Mindfulness-based Cognitive Therapy For Trichotillomania: a mentioning

confidence: 99%

Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy for Trichotillomania: A Bayesian Case-Control Study

Heeren¹,

Busana²,

Coussement³

et al. 2015

Psychologica Belgica

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Over the last years, mindfulness-based interventions combined with habit reversal training have been demonstrated to be particularly suitable for addressing trichotillomania. However, because these studies always combined mindfulness training to habit reversal without including either a mindfulness or habit reversal condition alone, it is still unclear whether clinical benefits are the consequences of mindfulness or merely result from habit reversal training. The primary purpose of the present study was thus to examine whether a mindfulness training procedure without habit reversal could alleviate trichotillomania. Using a Bayesian probabilistic approach for single-case design, client’s hair loss severity and level of mindfulness were compared to a normative sample (n = 15) before treatment, after treatment, and at six-month follow-up. Improvement in mindfulness first occurred, and that beneficial effect then transferred to hair-pulling. Indeed, as compared to the normative sample, the client exhibited, from baseline to post-treatment, an improvement in mindfulness. Although a marginal trend to improvement was already evidenced at post-treatment, the mindfulness program only had a significant beneficial effect transferred to hair-loss severity at six-month follow-up. Although it remains particularly difficult to infer generalization from one client, the data from the present case study are the first to suggest that mindfulness training per se might be a suitable clinical intervention for trichotillomania.

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“…Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) revealed a 39-item five-facet structure (Baer et al, 2006 ), including Observing (noting both internal and external stimuli), Describing (using words to identify and express internal experience), Acting with Awareness (act-aware; paying full attention to the current activities without an automatic pilot), Non-judging of Experience (non-judging; non-evaluation of internal experiences; and stimuli), and Non-reactivity to Experience (non-reacting; no action toward emerging internal experience). FFMQ has been translated into Chinese (Deng et al, 2011 ; Hou et al, 2014 ), Swedish (Lilja et al, 2011 ), Italian (Giovannini et al, 2014 ), and French (Heeren et al, 2015 ), among others. The reliability and validity of FFMQ have been evaluated in various populations, including students (Deng et al, 2011 ; Lilja et al, 2011 ; Sugiura et al, 2012 ; Giovannini et al, 2014 ), teachers (Lilja et al, 2011 ), healthcare practitioners (Lilja et al, 2011 ), community adults (Giovannini et al, 2014 ; Hou et al, 2014 ; Williams et al, 2014 ), patients with fibromyalgia (Veehof et al, 2011 ), patients with psychological distress (Hou et al, 2014 ; Williams et al, 2014 ), and patients with mood and anxiety disorders (Curtiss and Klemanski, 2014 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distinguishing Dispositional and Cultivated Forms of Mindfulness: Item-Level Factor Analysis of Five-Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire and Construction of Short Inventory of Mindfulness Capability

Duan

2016

Front. Psychol.

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The widely used Five-Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ) mixes the dispositional and cultivated forms of mindfulness, thereby resulting in factor issues in previous studies. The present study distinguished the two forms of mindfulness and developed a Short Inventory of Mindfulness Capability at the item level of FFMQ. Three facets of mindfulness, namely, Describing, Acting with Awareness, and Non-judging of Experience, were assessed using community (n = 433) and student (n = 347) samples. Both meditators and non-meditators participated. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) revealed a three-factor model of mindfulness with 12 items (four items per subscale). Psychometric evaluation demonstrated the solid factor structure of the measurement with high factor loadings, good internal consistency, and convergent validities. Longitudinal analysis indicated that the Acting with Awareness facet was a significant predictor of depression and anxiety symptoms 6 months later. Discussions focused on the roles of mindfulness capability on mental health as well as the relationship between them. A higher-order factor of mindfulness should be used to examine the efficacy of intervention or monitor the changes. Researchers who need to study the specific role or efficacy of each facet should calculate the scores of different facets.

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Does Change in Self-reported Mindfulness Mediate the Clinical Benefits of Mindfulness Training? A Controlled Study Using the French Translation of the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire

Cited by 21 publications

References 35 publications

Mindfulness, self-compassion and psychological inflexibility mediate the effects of a mindfulness-based intervention in a sample of oncology nurses

Mindfulness, self-compassion and psychological inflexibility mediate the effects of a mindfulness-based intervention in a sample of oncology nurses

Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy for Trichotillomania: A Bayesian Case-Control Study

Distinguishing Dispositional and Cultivated Forms of Mindfulness: Item-Level Factor Analysis of Five-Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire and Construction of Short Inventory of Mindfulness Capability

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