Does being overweight or male increase a patient's risk of not being referred for an eating disorder consult?

MacCaughelty, Chelsea R.; Wagner, Rebecca; Rufino, Katrina A.

doi:10.1002/eat.22556

Cited by 21 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 21 publications

(47 reference statements)

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“…[34] Males are not only more likely to have a history of higher weight prior to ED onset, but also are less likely to receive an eating disorder consult. [35] Males and females report similar levels of overall psychological distress and impaired quality of life associated with disordered eating behaviors. However, females report elevated levels of distress associated with subjective binge eating episodes compared to males.…”

Section: Symptom Presentationmentioning

confidence: 95%

Sex Differences in Adolescent Anorexia and Bulimia Nervosa: Beyond the Signs and Symptoms

Timko

DeFilipp²,

Dakanalis

2019

Curr Psychiatry Rep

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Purpose of review: We review research related to sex differences in eating disorders (EDs) in adolescents. Prior work has explored clinical differences, thus, we examine literature in areas identified as playing an etiological or maintenance role in EDs including: genetics, hormones, neurocognitive inefficiencies, and reward circuitry. Recent findings: Sex steroids appear to a play role in the unmasking of genetic risk for development of EDs and puberty may be a heightened period of risk for females. While neurocognitive differences have been well studied in adults with ED, research with adolescents has been less conclusive. Recent work suggests that neural circuitry involved in reward and punishment may play role in development and maintenance of EDs in females. Males are underrepresented in these areas of research. Summary: Given known sex differences in healthy adolescents, it is likely there are sex differences in the putative biological etiology/maintenance of EDs. Males should be included in future research.

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Section: Symptom Presentationmentioning

confidence: 95%

Sex Differences in Adolescent Anorexia and Bulimia Nervosa: Beyond the Signs and Symptoms

Timko

DeFilipp²,

Dakanalis

2019

Curr Psychiatry Rep

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“…Seven quantitative and the two mixed methods studies relied on survey and questionnaire measures. One quantitative study (MacCaughelty et al, 2016) utilized the DSM-IV Structured Clinical Interview. Six of the 15 studies were conducted in the USA; eight studies originated in the UK, Australia, or Western Europe, and one Internet-based study enrolled participants from 23 countries.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When men realize they have a significant health problem, they may also become burdened with an intrapersonal struggle for self-acceptance (Bjork et al, 2012; MacCaughelty et al, 2016; Pettersen et al, 2016). Traditionally, male gender roles include conformity with being independent, self-reliant, and resilient (Griffiths et al, 2015).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Eating disorders (EDs) have historically been addressed as illnesses that only affect young adolescent females; however, the prevalence of EDs in males is on the rise and demanding attention from primary care providers (PCPs) to combat these complex biopsychological disorders (Arnow et al, 2017; MacCaughelty, Wagner, & Rufino, 2016; Pettersen, Wallin, & Bjork, 2016; Thapliyal, Mitchison, & Hay, 2017). EDs in males have been documented in literature as early as the 1690s (Murray et al, 2017); yet men continue to be under-represented in research on the topic (Robinson, Mountford, & Sperlinger, 2012; Stanford & Lemberg, 2012).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The aforementioned deferment of treatment can lead to progressively worsening ED symptomology and an increased risk of dangerous sequelae including death (Raisanen & Hunt, 2014). This topic is of dire importance as EDs, namely AN, have the highest mortality and suicide rates of any psychiatric disorder (Dearden & Mulgrew, 2013; MacCaughelty et al, 2016). Statistics indicate that 10.5% of individuals diagnosed with AN may die due to their illness (Birmingham, Su, Hlynsky, Goldner, & Gao, 2005).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Eating Disorders in Males: How Primary Care Providers Can Improve Recognition, Diagnosis, and Treatment

2019

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Eating disorders are complex and multifactorial illnesses that affect a broad spectrum of individuals across the life span. Contrary to historic societal beliefs, this disorder is not gender-specific. Lifetime prevalence of eating disorders in males is on the rise and demanding the attention of primary care providers, as well as the general population, in order to negate the potentially life-threatening complications. Current literature has continued to reinforce the notion that eating disorders predominately affect females by excluding males from research, thereby adding to the void in men-centered knowledge and targeted clinical care. To determine what is currently known about eating disorders among males, a scoping review was undertaken, which identified 15 empirical studies that focused on this topic. Using the Garrard matrix to extract and synthesize the findings across these studies, this scoping review provides an overview of the contributing and constituting factors of eating disorders in males by exploring the associated stigmas, risk factors, experiences of men diagnosed with an eating disorder, and differing clinical presentations. The synthesized evidence is utilized to discuss clinical recommendations for primary care providers, inclusive of male-specific treatment plans, as a means to improving care for this poorly understood and emerging men’s health issue.

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A systematic review of sociodemographic reporting and representation in eating disorder psychotherapy treatment trials in the United States

Burnette

Luzier

Weisenmuller

et al. 2022

Intl J Eating Disorders

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Objective: Eating disorders (EDs) were once conceptualized as primarily affecting affluent, White women, a misconception that informed research and practice for many years. Abundant evidence now discredits this stereotype, but it is unclear if prevailing "evidence-based" treatments have been evaluated in samples representative of the diversity of individuals affected by EDs. Our goal was to evaluate the reporting, inclusion, and analysis of sociodemographic variables in ED psychotherapeutic treatment randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in the US through 2020.Methods: We conducted a systematic review of ED psychotherapeutic treatment RCTs in the US and examined the reporting and inclusion of gender identity, age, race/ethnicity, sexual orientation, and socioeconomic status (SES) of enrolled participants, as well as recruitment methods, power analyses, and discussion of limitations and generalizability.Results: Our search yielded 58 studies meeting inclusion criteria dating back to 1985.Reporting was at times incomplete, absent, or centered on the racial/gender majority group. No studies reported gender diverse participants, and men and people of color were underrepresented generally, with differences noted across diagnoses. A minority of papers considered sociodemographic variables in analyses or acknowledged limitations related to sample characteristics. Some progress was made across the decades, with studies increasingly providing full racial and ethnic data, and more men included over time. Although racial and ethnic diversity improved somewhat, progress appeared to stall in the last decade.Discussion: We summarize findings, consider context and challenges for RCT researchers, and offer suggestions for researchers, journal editors, and reviewers on improving representation, reporting, and analytic practices.Public Significance: Randomized controlled trials of eating disorder psychotherapeutic treatment in the US are increasingly reporting full race/ethnicity data, but information on SES is inconsistent and sexual orientation absent. White women still

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Does being overweight or male increase a patient's risk of not being referred for an eating disorder consult?

Cited by 21 publications

References 21 publications

Sex Differences in Adolescent Anorexia and Bulimia Nervosa: Beyond the Signs and Symptoms

Sex Differences in Adolescent Anorexia and Bulimia Nervosa: Beyond the Signs and Symptoms

Eating Disorders in Males: How Primary Care Providers Can Improve Recognition, Diagnosis, and Treatment

A systematic review of sociodemographic reporting and representation in eating disorder psychotherapy treatment trials in the United States

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