Does an Immigrant Background Ameliorate Racial Disadvantage? The Socioeconomic Attainments of Second-Generation African Americans

Sakamoto, Arthur; Woo, Hyeyoung; Kim, ChangHwan

doi:10.1111/j.1573-7861.2009.01160.x

Cited by 23 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 32 publications

(58 reference statements)

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“…Indeed, scholars suggest that these differences may be negligible or even reversed by the third generation (researchers refer to this as the "Americanization process") (Griffith et al, 2011;Sakamoto, Woo, & Kim, 2010;Thomas, 2012;Williams & Sternthal, 2010). In fact, Peguero (2012) report that third-generation foreign-born blacks have higher dropout rates than their immigrant parents, have more experiences with violence while at school in comparison to their first-and second-generation counterparts, experience a decline in their educational optimism, and have significantly diminished perceptions of school punishment practices.…”

Section: Foreign-born Blacksmentioning

confidence: 98%

Do Blacks Speak with one Voice? Immigrants, Public Opinions, and Perceptions of Criminal Injustices

Unnever¹,

Gabbidon

2013

Justice Quarterly

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This paper tests core tenets of the theory of African-American offending proposed by Unnever and Gabbidon. Their theory posits that African-Americans have a common worldview on matters of race that is related to their offending. However, Unnever and Gabbidon further hypothesize that immigrant blacks do not fully embrace the worldview shared by US-born blacks. Using a 2008 national Gallup poll, we examine whether US-born blacks share a common worldview and whether foreign-born blacks differ in their opinions on key issues including: criminal injustices, the state of American race relations, attitudes towards immigration and illegal immigrants, and the perception of mobility within American society. The results partially confirm their two key hypotheses; there are no entrenched differences in the public opinions of US-born blacks on race-related matters while immigrant blacks do not wholly endorse their worldview. We discuss the implications of these two findings in relation to how scholars conceptualize offending among blacks.Keywords African American offending; immigrant blacks; perceptions of criminal injustice; race and crime In their recent theoretical work, Unnever and Gabbidon (2011) assert that nearly all blacks share a distinctive worldview that is grounded and centered in James D. Unnever is professor of criminology at the University of South Florida-Sarasota Manatee. He has published extensively on race and crime, most notably in his recent A Theory of African American Offending: Race, Racism, and Crime. His research areas also include public opinion about crime-related issues, the impact of religion on punitiveness, testing theories of crime, and school bullying. He was the 2009 recipient of the Donal A. J. MacNamara Award of the Academy of Criminal Justice Sciences. Shaun L. Gabbidon is distinguished professor of criminal justice at Penn State Harrisburg. He has served as a fellow at Harvard University's W. E. B. Du Bois Institute for African and African American Research, and has taught at the Center for Africana Studies at the University of Pennsylvania. The author of more than 100 scholarly publications including 60 peer-reviewed articles and 11 books, his most recent books include Race and Crime (3rd edition; 2013, SAGE) and, A Theory of African American Offending (2011; Routledge). Professor Gabbidon is the Founding

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Section: Foreign-born Blacksmentioning

confidence: 98%

Do Blacks Speak with one Voice? Immigrants, Public Opinions, and Perceptions of Criminal Injustices

Unnever¹,

Gabbidon

2013

Justice Quarterly

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“…Although most of these groups admittedly do not receive much attention in contemporary sociology, by one account the U.S. population size of the Amish alone is about the same as that of the Cambodians or Hmong (Kraybill 2001). As for African Americans, nearly 16% (i.e., far more than the percentage of Asian Americans who are Cambodian, Hmong, or Laotian) are either foreign born or second generation, including many with British Caribbean, Canadian, or European origins who tend to have higher socioeconomic outcomes than third-generation and higher blacks (Kalmijn 1996, Sakamoto et al 2009b. While some discussion of foreignborn African Americans can be found (Waters 1994, Massey et al 2007, ethnic sources of socioeconomic variability within the white and black racial categories are nonetheless rarely mentioned-much less emphasized-as a rationale for questioning generalizations about their socioeconomic central tendencies.…”

Section: Introduction: Asian Americans the Non-minority Minoritymentioning

confidence: 99%

Socioeconomic Attainments of Asian Americans

2009

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According to the majority-minority paradigm, racial and ethnic minorities have lower socioeconomic characteristics than whites owing to discrimination. Asian Americans defy this conventional view, however, at least on average. Asian Americans tend to have higher mean levels of educational achievements, and several recent studies indicate approximate parity with whites in most arenas of the labor market for those Asian Americans who were schooled in the United

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“…Large numbers of immigrant youth, especially those from Latin America and the Caribbean, have lower levels of educational attainments that leads to facing the challenges in terms of their economic security (Portes and Rumbaut 2006). Continuing patterns of ethnic discrimination and disadvantage in a highly unequal labor market undoubtedly often have an additional effect both among the native born as well as among immigrant and second-generation minorities (Huyser et al 2010;Pager et al 2009;Sakamoto et al 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Racial and Ethnic Differentials in Idleness, Highest-Risk Idleness, and Dropping Out of High School

Woo

Sakamoto

2010

Race Soc Probl

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This research investigates three different indicators of at-risk socio-demographic conditions including dropping out of high school, being idle, and being in highest-risk idleness among non-immigrant persons aged 19-24. Using data from the 2000 US Census, our results detail the differentials in these characteristics for 30 different racial/ethnic groups that are further broken down by gender. The findings indicate a wide range in the prevalence of these at-risk socio-demographic conditions. Groups that tend to be the most at-risk in terms of these indicators include African Americans, Cambodians, Laotians, Native Americans, other Hispanic whites, and white Mexicans. With the exception of the other Pacific Islander and Thai, young women have lower high school dropout rates than do young men. However, young women are substantially more likely than young men to be idle which we define as not being in school, the labor force, or the military. After defining highest-risk idleness as never-married persons without children who are idle, however, the rates are slightly lower for young women than for young men.

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Does an Immigrant Background Ameliorate Racial Disadvantage? The Socioeconomic Attainments of Second-Generation African Americans

Cited by 23 publications

References 32 publications

Do Blacks Speak with one Voice? Immigrants, Public Opinions, and Perceptions of Criminal Injustices

Do Blacks Speak with one Voice? Immigrants, Public Opinions, and Perceptions of Criminal Injustices

Socioeconomic Attainments of Asian Americans

Racial and Ethnic Differentials in Idleness, Highest-Risk Idleness, and Dropping Out of High School

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