Does air pollution modify temperature-related mortality? A systematic review and meta-analysis

Exploring Health Effects under Specific Causes of Mortality Based on 90 Definitions of PM2.5 and Cold Spell Combined Exposure in Shanghai, China

“…In this study, all-cause, circulatory, and respiratory mortality were significantly influenced by combined events. The joint effects between in air pollution and cold spell for all-cause mortality, nonaccidental mortality, cardiovascular mortality, respiratory mortality, or mental disease were found in previous studies. ,,, When exposed to cold temperature or air pollution, the airway epithelium is irritated, which causes the body to respond with coughing, bronchoconstriction, and mucosal secretion. , Cold stress and PM 2.5 experiments in adulthood of mice showed that coexposure may promote the deterioration of asthma symptoms by increasing inflammatory cytokines, ROS formation, Th2/Th1 imbalance, and suppressing the differentiation of Th17 toward Treg cells. , Further deaths from respiratory disease will occur in sensitive individuals (e.g., elderly people, etc. ). , Although no joint effect research showed an association between combined events and circulatory mortality, the circulatory system remains one of the leading causes of death from cold spell events or air pollution events.…”

“…Research on air pollution or extreme temperatures and their health risks has long been conducted independently. 11,12 Indeed, the environment we are exposed is mixed with various environmental factors acting synergistically or antagonistically with one another. 13,14 Recently, researchers and policymakers have recommended focusing on the combined effects on the health of populations to better protect the public.…”

“…Research on air pollution or extreme temperatures and their health risks has long been conducted independently. , Indeed, the environment we are exposed is mixed with various environmental factors acting synergistically or antagonistically with one another. , Recently, researchers and policymakers have recommended focusing on the combined effects on the health of populations to better protect the public. − Because of the physical and kinetic properties of the air pollutants themselves, the formation, persistence, and dissipation of pollution are significantly influenced by meteorological conditions . Influenced by the East Asian monsoon, PM 2.5 pollution has obvious seasonal characteristics and is more frequent in winter. , When a cold spell occurs, the low temperature or sudden temperature drop creates a certain obstacle to particulate matter dispersion, resulting in PM 2.5 pollution and cold spell combined exposure events. ,, Although some studies have included temperature as a confounding factor in air pollutant analysis models, the combined effects have been little studied and have mostly focused on the combined effects of heat waves and air pollution. ,, The health effects of PM 2.5 and cold spell combined exposure need to be further explored.…”

Effect of particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10) on health indicators: climate change scenarios in a Brazilian metropolis

“…One study conducted in the UK showed an association between seasonal heat waves and periods of highest pollution, and hottest days coinciding with the highest peaks of particulate matter in the atmosphere (Kalisa et al, 2018 ). In addition, other studies showed the association between temperature extremes and increased mortality (Hu et al, 2022 ). Marked changes in temperature are known to cause physiological stress and alter a person’s normal response to toxic agents (Verheyen et al, 2022 ).…”

Racial disparities in deaths related to extreme temperatures in the United States between 1993 and 2005

“…The inclusion of meteorological covariates, air pollution and socioeconomic indicators is common in the literature 1,53 and allows to adjust for possible biases. For example, previous studies have highlighted air pollution to reduce the estimates of cold-related mortality in an urban context 54 or to modify heat-related mortality 55 . The demographic covariates are specified as categorical variables corresponding to the groups r, s and a.…”