Does age acquired immunity confer selective protection to common serotypes of Campylobacter jejuni?

Miller, Gordon; Dunn, G. M.; Reid, T. M. S.; Ogden, I.D.; Strachan, Norval James Colin

doi:10.1186/1471-2334-5-66

Cited by 30 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…7 cases/100 000, respectively [2]. Several studies have reported an increase in cases in young adults [2][3][4][5][6], which we also observed in Illinois (9 . 6 cases/100 000 in the 20-29 years age group ; Fig.…”

Section: Determinants Of Campylobacteriosis Notifications In New Zealandsupporting

confidence: 69%

Determinants of campylobacteriosis notifications in New Zealand

et al. 2012

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Section: Determinants Of Campylobacteriosis Notifications In New Zealandsupporting

confidence: 69%

Determinants of campylobacteriosis notifications in New Zealand

et al. 2012

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“…Epidemiological evidence from developing countries (29,40,44,45) and industrialized countries (5a) supports the hypothesis that protective immunity is likely acquired after repeated exposure to various strains. The change from illness to infection in early childhood followed by asymptomatic colonization (15,16,38,43), the shorter excretion period in higher-incidence regions (24,44), the lower incidence after repeated consumption of raw milk (11), and the emergence of less common serotypes in elderly populations (31) suggest that protection is long lasting, in contrast to the waning homologous protection observed at 1 year in this study, which may have been due to less background exposure to C. jejuni. There is limited comparative data from challenge studies to assess the duration of protection; however, infectionderived protective immunity to Vibrio cholerae persisted for 3 years (28).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 53%

Assessment of the Duration of Protection in Campylobacter jejuni Experimental Infection in Humans

et al. 2010

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A human Campylobacter jejuni infection model provided controlled exposure to assess vaccine efficacy and investigate protective immunity for this important diarrheal pathogen. A well-characterized outbreak strain, C. jejuni 81-176, was investigated using a volunteer experimental infection model to evaluate the dose range and duration of protection. Healthy Campylobacter-seronegative adults received C. jejuni strain 81-176 via oral inoculation of 10 5 , 10 7 , or 10 9 CFU (5 adults/dose), which was followed by clinical and immunological monitoring. Based on dose range clinical outcomes, the 10 9 -CFU dose (n ‫؍‬ 31) was used to assess homologous protection at 28 to 49 days (short-term veterans [STV]; n ‫؍‬ 8) or 1 year (long-term veterans [LTV]; n ‫؍‬ 7) after primary infection. An illness dose effect was observed for naïve subjects (with lower doses, 40 to 60% of the subjects were ill; with the 10 9 -CFU dose, 92% of the subjects were ill) along with complete protection for the STV group and attenuated illness for the LTV group (57%). Partial resistance to colonization was seen in STV (25% of the subjects were not infected; 3-log-lower maximum excretion level). Systemic and mucosal immune responses were robust in naïve subjects irrespective of the dose or the severity of illness. In contrast, in STV there was a lack of circulating antibody-secreting cells (ASC), reflecting the local mucosal effector responses. LTV exhibited comparable ASC responses to primary infection, and anamnestic fecal IgA responses likely contributed to self-resolving illness prior to antibiotic treatment. Campylobacter antigen-dependent production of gamma interferon by peripheral blood mononuclear cells was strongly associated with protection from illness, supporting the hypothesis that TH1 polarization has a primary role in acquired immunity to C. jejuni. This study revealed a C. jejuni dose-related increase in campylobacteriosis rates, evidence of complete short-term protection that waned with time, and immune response patterns associated with protection.Campylobacter species, the most common of which is Campylobacter jejuni, are zoonotic food-and waterborne bacterial enteropathogens (1, 2, 52). The gastrointestinal tracts of animals used for food, such as chickens, are the reservoirs for these common organisms (1). Worldwide, C. jejuni is among the most frequent causes of diarrhea, including traveler's diarrhea, and the spectrum of illness ranges from mild watery diarrhea to febrile dysentery (6,14,16,21). Evidence for acquired immunity against C. jejuni has been obtained from epidemiologic studies performed in developing countries that documented that there is a decline in the incidence of disease with increasing age that is accompanied by a shift in the illness-to-infection ratio for children between 2 and 5 years old, development of resistance to colonization, and a shorter excretion period during convalescence (12,44,45). Age-related increases in C. jejuni-specific serology coincide with acquisition of resistance to infection and ...

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“…Thus, there is a multiplicity of CPS structures (4,6,11,20,35,37,41,54), but the number of CPS types that would be required in an effective, multivalent CPS conjugate vaccine against C. jejuni remains unknown. There are epidemiological data suggesting that most C. jejuni disease in a given geographical area is caused by a limited number of serotypes (17,29,36,44,52), and a recent study demonstrated that elderly patients are more likely to be infected with rare serotypes, suggesting that immunity develops against the more common CPS types in a given area (39). Thus, a final multivalent CPS conjugate vaccine against C. jejuni diarrhea may need to be tailored to include the prevalent CPS types found in different geographical areas.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Capsule Polysaccharide Conjugate Vaccine against Diarrheal Disease Caused by Campylobacter jejuni

et al. 2009

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The capsule polysaccharide (CPS) of Campylobacter jejuni is one of the few identified virulence determinants of this important human pathogen. Since CPS conjugate vaccines have been so effective against other mucosal pathogens, we evaluated this approach using CPSs from two strains of C. jejuni, 81-176 (HS23 and HS36 serotype complex) and CG8486 (HS4 serotype complex). The CPSs of 81-176 and CG8486 were independently linked to the carrier protein CRM 197 by reductive amination between an aldehyde(s), strategically created at the nonreducing end of each CPS, and accessible amines of CRM 197 . In both cases, the CPS:CRM 197 ratio used was 2:1 by weight. Mass spectrometry and gel electrophoresis showed that on average, each glycoconjugate preparation contained, at least in part, two to five CPSs attached to one CRM 197 . When administered subcutaneously to mice, these vaccines elicited robust immune responses and significantly reduced the disease following intranasal challenge with the homologous strains of C. jejuni. The CPS 81-176 -CRM 197 vaccine also provided 100% protection against diarrhea in the New World monkey Aotus nancymaae following orogastric challenge with C. jejuni 81-176.

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Does age acquired immunity confer selective protection to common serotypes of Campylobacter jejuni?

Cited by 30 publications

References 13 publications

Determinants of campylobacteriosis notifications in New Zealand

Determinants of campylobacteriosis notifications in New Zealand

Assessment of the Duration of Protection in Campylobacter jejuni Experimental Infection in Humans

Capsule Polysaccharide Conjugate Vaccine against Diarrheal Disease Caused by Campylobacter jejuni

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