Does Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet Have a Protective Effect against Asthma and Allergies in Children? A Systematic Review

Koumpagioti, Despoina; Boutopoulou, Barbara; Moriki, Dafni; Priftis, Kostas Ν.; Douros, Konstantinos

doi:10.3390/nu14081618

Cited by 25 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…A recent systematic review assessed the association between a Mediterranean diet and asthma in childhood from the current literature and found an overweight of studies suggesting this association but concluded that RCTs are warranted due to limitations and heterogeneity of the studies. 71 In addition to the Mediterranean diet as a pattern, vitamin C related fruit intake such as citrus and kiwi fruits among a large TA B L E 1 An overview of current evidence of dietary prevention of childhood asthma. Italian cohort of school children age 6-7 years was associated with a significantly reduced prevalence of wheeze, nocturnal cough and chronic cough.…”

Section: Macronutrients and Dietary Patternsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, due to the biological plausible effects of a Mediterranean diet on childhood asthma it may be considered as a secondary prevention tool that needs to be further investigated in future studies. A recent systematic review assessed the association between a Mediterranean diet and asthma in childhood from the current literature and found an overweight of studies suggesting this association but concluded that RCTs are warranted due to limitations and heterogeneity of the studies 71 …”

Section: Dietary Secondary Prevention Of Childhood Asthmamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dietary prevention strategies for childhood asthma

Brustad

Bønnelykke

Chawes

2023

Pediatric Allergy Immunology

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Asthma is the most common chronic disease in childhood and a rise in prevalence has been observed concomitantly with changing dietary habits in the Western world. This change has favored a more Westernized diet characterized by high intake of processed food and fat in contrast to a Mediterranean diet high in fruit, vegetable and fish intake. This has resulted in a decreased intake of several antioxidants and micronutrients including n‐3 long‐chained polyunsaturated fatty acids and vitamin D that are speculated to have anti‐inflammatory effects and hold immunoregulatory properties. Several observational studies have investigated associations between dietary intake and wheeze and asthma but only few large well‐conducted randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have been performed investigating the primary preventive effect of micronutrient supplementations. Currently, the recommendations from the Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) for primary prevention of asthma in children do not include maternal dietary changes or supplementations during pregnancy, although the most recent report mentions both specific dietary patterns and micronutrients as potential protective supplementation regimes. This review will present the current literature and future research needs focusing on primary and secondary prevention of both early and late childhood asthma from dietary intake during pregnancy and early childhood to highlight potential preventive effects of specific dietary patterns and micronutrient supplements, which may facilitate the planning of future clinical trials in search of a preemptive strategy.

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Section: Macronutrients and Dietary Patternsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Dietary Secondary Prevention Of Childhood Asthmamentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary prevention strategies for childhood asthma

Brustad

Bønnelykke

Chawes

2023

Pediatric Allergy Immunology

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“…Foods and nutrients play an important role in the protection of the airways and lungs against oxidative damage. This is evident, for example, from the observation that reduced consumption of fruits and vegetables results in decreased levels of defense antioxidants, thereby increasing the susceptibility to inhaled irritants [ 93 , 94 , 95 ]. Furthermore, low intake of fruits, vegetables, juices, and vitamins (A, C, and E) was linked to deficits in lung function in children [ 96 ], and an association between low serum vitamin A levels and airway obstruction has been shown in healthy adults [ 97 ].…”

Section: Oxidative Stress and Inflammation In Asthmamentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Acute and Chronic Lung Injuries

Bezerra

Lanzetti

Nesi³

et al. 2023

Antioxidants

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Acute and chronic lung injuries are among the leading causes of mortality worldwide. Lung injury can affect several components of the respiratory system, including the airways, parenchyma, and pulmonary vasculature. Although acute and chronic lung injuries represent an enormous economic and clinical burden, currently available therapies primarily focus on alleviating disease symptoms rather than reversing and/or preventing lung pathology. Moreover, some supportive interventions, such as oxygen and mechanical ventilation, can lead to (further) deterioration of lung function and even the development of permanent injuries. Lastly, sepsis, which can originate extrapulmonary or in the respiratory system itself, contributes to many cases of lung-associated deaths. Considering these challenges, we aim to summarize molecular and cellular mechanisms, with a particular focus on airway inflammation and oxidative stress that lead to the characteristic pathophysiology of acute and chronic lung injuries. In addition, we will highlight the limitations of current therapeutic strategies and explore new antioxidant-based drug options that could potentially be effective in managing acute and chronic lung injuries.

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“…Another systematic review reported that increased adherence to the Mediterranean diet was negatively associated with asthma symptoms in children [106]. More recently, a systematic review indicated a protective role of the Mediterranean diet on childhood asthma [107]. On the other side, school-aged children, who follow a strict Western diet high in total and saturated fat and processed foods, seem to be at a higher risk of asthma [33].…”

Section: Dietary Patternsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diet and Asthma: A Narrative Review

et al. 2023

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Asthma is a chronic respiratory disease that impacts millions of people worldwide. Recent studies suggest that diet may play a role in asthma pathophysiology. Several dietary factors have been recognized as potential contributors to the development and severity of asthma for its inflammatory and oxidative effects. Some food groups such as fruits and vegetables, whole grains, and healthy fats appear to exert positive effects on asthma disease. On the other hand, a high consumption of dietary salt, saturated fats, and trans-fat seems to have the opposite effect. Nonetheless, as foods are not consumed separately, more research is warranted on the topic of dietary patterns. The mechanisms underlying these associations are not yet fully understood, but it is thought that diet can modulate both the immune system and inflammation, two key factors in asthma development and exacerbation. The purpose of this review is to examine how common food groups and dietary patterns are associated with asthma. In general, this research demonstrated that fruits and vegetables, fiber, healthy fats, and dietary patterns considered of high quality appear to be beneficial to asthma disease. Nonetheless, additional research is needed to better understand the interrelation between diet and asthma, and to determine the most effective dietary interventions for asthma prevention and management. Currently, there is no established dietary pattern for asthma management and prevention, and the nuances of certain food groups in relation to this disease require further investigation.

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Does Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet Have a Protective Effect against Asthma and Allergies in Children? A Systematic Review

Cited by 25 publications

References 41 publications

Dietary prevention strategies for childhood asthma

Dietary prevention strategies for childhood asthma

Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Acute and Chronic Lung Injuries

Diet and Asthma: A Narrative Review

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