Does ADHD Predict Substance-Use Disorders? A 10-Year Follow-up Study of Young Adults With ADHD

Abstract

Objective-High rates of Substance Use Disorders (SUD) have been found in samples of adolescents and adults with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Predictors of SUD among ADHD children who are at risk for the development of SUD remain understudied. The main aims of this study were to identify clinically meaningful characteristics of children that predicted the future development of SUD and to see whether the role of these characteristics varied by sex.Method-Subjects were children and adolescents with (N=268; mean age ± SD = 10.9 ± 3.2 years) and without (N=229; mean age 11.9 ± 3.3 years) DSM-III-R ADHD followed prospectively and blindly over a ten-year follow-up period onto young adult years. Subjects were assessed with structured diagnostic interviews for psychopathology and SUDs.Results-Over the ten-year follow-up period, ADHD was found to be a significant predictor of any SUD (Hazards Ratio, (95% Confidence Interval) = 1.47 (1.07, 2.02); p=0.01) and cigarette smoking (2.38 (1.61, 3.53); p<0.01). Within ADHD, comorbid conduct disorder (2.74 (1.66, 4.52); p<0.01) and oppositional defiant disorder (2.21 (1.40, 3.51); p<0.01) at baseline were also found to be significant predictors of SUD. We found similar results for cigarette, alcohol, and drug use disorders. There were few meaningful sex interaction effects. We did not find any clinically significant associations for any social or family environment factors nor cognitive functioning factors (all p values > 0.05).Conclusions-These results indicate that ADHD is a significant risk factor for the development of SUD and cigarette smoking in both sexes.

Mental health differences between frequent cannabis users with and without dependence and the general population

“…2 (Dependent) heavy cannabis use and mental healthP < 0.001), due possibly to the higher frequency of cannabis use in the present study. CD and childhood ADHD usually precede cannabis initiation, and both disorders predict cannabis use and cannabis dependence [50,51]. Therefore, this finding emphasizes the potential of targeted prevention in this high-risk group, as well as the importance of treating these childhood disorders to reduce the development of both frequent cannabis use and dependence.…”

Psychometric properties of the Turkish version of the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS-v1.1) in a sample of Inpatients with alcohol use disorder

“…In an international multi-center study using the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS) (9,10), adult ADHD prevalence was found to be lower among treatmentseeking patients with AUD than among patients with drug use disorder (11). Nevertheless, a history of ADHD in childhood increases the risk of developing AUD by a factor of 1.74 (12), 1.35 (13), or 1.51 (14). Recent metaanalyses on this matter suggest a significant effect of childhood ADHD on the prevalence of AUD in young adulthood (12,13), but not on alcohol use (12).…”

Consequências Do Desenvolvimento Intelectual De Crianças Com Phda, Quando O Progenitor Consome Cocaína Durante Os Períodos De Ovulação E Fecundação Da Progenitora

“…Neste sentido, os nossos resultados estão de acordo com os resultados propostos por outros autores que consideram a existência de diferenças intelectuais significativas entre crianças com PHDA cujos progenitores sejam adictos a substâncias psicoativas e crianças com PHDA cujos progenitores não sejam adictos a este tipo de substâncias (Kraemer, Stice, Kazdin, Offord & Kupfer, 2001;Timothy, Wilens & Morrison 2011;Wilens, Martelon, Joshi, Bateman, Fried, Petty & Biederman, 2011).…”