Does a vigorous feeding style influence early development of adiposity?

Agras, W. Stewart; Kraemer, Helena C.; Berkowitz, Robert I.; Korner, Anneliese F.; Hammer, Lawrence D.

doi:10.1016/s0022-3476(87)80029-x

Cited by 86 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…For this reason, they receive much concern and close observation from their parents and teachers. Our ®nding that obese children have a higher eating speed than that of the non-obese children is consistent with the ®ndings of other observational studies 30,31 which have utilized objective measurement on the eating speed of infants and preschoolers based on a small sample size. We also provided the mean longitudinal BMI values of the 6-y-old children for both the obese group and the control group (Figure 2).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Risk factors of obesity in preschool children in China: a population-based case–control study

Ding

Fong

et al. 2000

Int J Obes

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OBJECTIVE: To identify the risk factors of obesity in preschool children in China. DESIGN: A nationwide case Ð control study in eight cities in China. SUBJECTS: A total of 748 boys and 574 girls (age 0.1 ± 6.9 y), including the obese and non-obese. One obese child was matched with one non-obese child by sex and age. MEASUREMENTS: Weight, height and other measurements were taken for all the subjects. The information on child activity, feeding pattern and family background was collected by our study team from the parents and the kindergarten teacher. RESULTS: Birth weight 4.0 kg, high eating speed, obesity among the child's relatives 25%, mother's body mass index (BMI) b 25 kgam 2 and father's BMI b 25 kgam 2 were identi®ed as the major signi®cant (P`0.05) risk factors of obesity in preschool children in China. CONCLUSION: Family history of obesity, high birth weight and eating speed were identi®ed as the risk factors of obesity in preschool children in China. Our results show the need for family therapy as part of an intervention program for childhood obesity, which includes behavior modi®cation.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Risk factors of obesity in preschool children in China: a population-based case–control study

Ding

Fong

et al. 2000

Int J Obes

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“…Rapid growth requires high nutrient intake, so it is plausible that infancy eating avidity would be driven by rapid growth at least as much as by any tendency to overeat and become obese. There has been little previous work relating infant eating avidity to growth or weight gain, apart from one, which found associations between milk feeding vigour and concurrent skinfold thicknesses in healthy infants (11) as well as with BMI in the same infants at age 6 years (10) . A number of studies in childhood have found relationships between child eating behaviour and overweight or adiposity (26)(27)(28)(29) , but these were not prospective, making it difficult to distinguish cause and effect.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There is also recent research that suggests there are distinctive childhood eating behaviours related to overweight which may reflect an inherent tendency to overeat (7) , so eating behaviour in infancy could predispose to, or protect against, later obesity (7,8) . Apart from studies examining how the type and style of milk feeding relates to later obesity (9)(10)(11) , we currently know little about eating behaviour in infancy and even less about how it tracks on to later adiposity or eating style. We hypothesised that eating avidity, a global term to denote enthusiasm and hunger for food, might be a useful predictor of gain in fat.…”

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confidence: 99%

To what extent do weight gain and eating avidity during infancy predict later adiposity?

Wright

Cox

Sherriff³

et al. 2011

Public Health Nutr.

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Objective: To determine the extent to which weight gain and eating behaviours in infancy predict later adiposity. Design: Population-based, prospective, longitudinal birth cohort study. Weights collected in infancy were used to calculate Z-scores for weight gain to age 1 year conditional on birth weight (CWG). To avoid multiple significance tests, variables from the parent questionnaire completed at age 1 year describing eating avidity were combined using general linear modelling to create an infancy avidity score. Anthropometry, skinfold thicknesses and bioelectrical impedance data collected at age 7-8 years were combined using factor analysis, to create an adiposity index. Setting: Gateshead, UK. Subjects: Members of the Gateshead Millennium Study cohort with data at both time points (n 561). Results: CWG in infancy significantly predicted adiposity at age 7 years, but related more strongly to length and lean mass. High adiposity (. 90th internal percentile) at age 7 years was significantly associated with high CWG (relative risk 2?76; 95 % CI 1?5, 5?1) in infancy, but less so with raised (. 74th internal percentile) eating avidity in infancy (relative risk 1?87; 95 % CI 0?9, 3?7). However, the majority of children with high weight gain (77?6 %) or avidity (85?5 %) in infancy did not go on to have high adiposity at age 7 years. Conclusions: Rapid weight gain in infancy and the eating behaviours which relate to it do predict later adiposity, but are more strongly predictive of later stature and lean mass. Keywords Obesity Weight velocity Feeding behaviour InfancyA number of studies have found significant associations between rapid infancy weight gain and later overweight (1) , leading to the suggestion that prevention (2,3) and even treatment of childhood obesity (4,5) should begin as early as the first year of life. However, weight gain in infancy reflects growth in bone and muscle as well as fat and some infants will be showing rapid gain in height or lean mass rather than adiposity (6) . Thus while on average rapid weight gain may predict later adiposity, what is not clear is how well it would prospectively identify individual children at risk. There is also recent research that suggests there are distinctive childhood eating behaviours related to overweight which may reflect an inherent tendency to overeat (7) , so eating behaviour in infancy could predispose to, or protect against, later obesity (7,8) .Apart from studies examining how the type and style of milk feeding relates to later obesity (9-11) , we currently know little about eating behaviour in infancy and even less about how it tracks on to later adiposity or eating style. We hypothesised that eating avidity, a global term to denote enthusiasm and hunger for food, might be a useful predictor of gain in fat. The Gateshead Millennium Study was set up in order to examine infant growth and weight gain and how this relates to eating behaviour, prospectively measured from birth (12) . These children have now been followed into childhood where me...

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“…As regard to eating patterns, rapid sucking by newborns predicted increased weight gain at 1 and 2 years. [12][13][14] Also, consumption of a more energydense liquid formula compared with a less energy-dense formula in the first 112 days of life was associated with greater total energy intake and weight gain. 15 This classic study by Fomon et al 15 examined 32 full-term infants who were initially measured at 6-9 days of life and then subsequently evaluated after 14 (±2), 28 (±2), 42 (±2), 56 ( ± 2), 84 ( ± 4) and 112 ( ± 4) days.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Infant temperament and eating style predict change in standardized weight status and obesity risk at 6 years of age

Faith

Hittner

2010

Int J Obes

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Objective: Little research has addressed the relationships among infant temperament, eating styles and obesity risk. To address this gap, we tested whether infant temperament and eating patterns at the age of 1 year are associated with a greater increase in standardized weight status, and greater obesity risk at 6 years of age. Design: A secondary, prospective analysis of the Colorado Adoption Study was conducted. The main predictor variables were infant temperament (that is, emotionality, activity, attention span-persistence, reaction to food and soothability) and eating domains (that is, reactivity to food, predictable appetite and distractability at mealtime) at the age of 1 year, along with the body mass index (BMI) of biological mothers. The outcome measures were child weight and height (length) assessed at ages 1 through 6 years, from which weight-for-length and BMI were computed along with the standardized indexes (z-scores) and percentiles. Overweight/obesity status was computed at each year as well. Participants: A primarily White sample of 262 boys and 225 girls, assessed at ages 1 through 6 years, along with their mothers. Results: Among boys, greater attention span-persistence was associated with reduced standardized weight status gain (b ¼ À0.15, Po0.05) and reduced obesity risk (odds ratio (OR) ¼ 0.46, P ¼ 0.06). Among girls, greater soothability and negative reaction to food were associated with greater standardized weight status gain (b ¼ 0.19, Po0.01; and b ¼ 0.16, Po0.05, respectively) and increased obesity risk (OR ¼ 3.72, P ¼ 0.03; and OR ¼ 2.81, P ¼ 0.08, respectively). Biological mothers' obesity status predicted obesity risk in boys (OR ¼ 3.07, P ¼ 0.01) and girls (OR ¼ 5.94, P ¼ 0.03). Conclusions: Male infants with less attention span, and female infants with greater soothability or a more negative food reaction, showed greater increases in standardized weight and were more likely to be overweight/obese at the age of 6 years. The role of infant temperament in pediatric obesity onset warrants greater research.

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Does a vigorous feeding style influence early development of adiposity?

Cited by 86 publications

References 22 publications

Risk factors of obesity in preschool children in China: a population-based case–control study

Risk factors of obesity in preschool children in China: a population-based case–control study

To what extent do weight gain and eating avidity during infancy predict later adiposity?

Infant temperament and eating style predict change in standardized weight status and obesity risk at 6 years of age

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