Does a peer social support group intervention using the cares skills framework improve emotional expression and emotion-focused coping in paramedic students?

Pinks, Darren; Warren-James, Matthew; Katsikitis, Mary

doi:10.1016/j.auec.2021.03.005

Cited by 11 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…113 This finding raises questions about whether students would also benefit from peer support beyond their first year. Of the four papers that offered peer support for higher-year students such as those in their second and third years, 102,106 third years 107 and seniors, 95 all were part of the peer-led support group category. None had significant results for improved student mental health and well-being outcomes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A systematic review of peer support interventions for student mental health and well-being in higher education

Pointon-Haas,

Waqar,

Upsher

et al. 2023

BJPsych open

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Background Higher education institutions (HEIs) are seeking effective ways to address the rising demand for student mental health services. Peer support is widely considered a viable option to increase service capacity; however, there are no agreed definitions of peer support, making it difficult to establish its impact on student mental health and well-being. Aims This systematic review aims to better understand and evaluate peer support in HEIs. Method Five databases, OpenGrey and Grey Matters were searched in May 2021. Included studies were quantitative, longitudinal (with and without a control) or cross-sectional with a control. The vote-counting method was used for synthesis. The risk of bias was assessed with the National Institutes of Health Quality Assessment Tool. Results Three types of peer support were represented in 28 papers: peer-led support groups, peer mentoring and peer learning. Peer learning and peer mentoring had more positive, significant results reported for the outcomes of anxiety and stress. Peer-led support groups were the only type targeting students with mental health difficulties. Conclusions The heterogeneity of measures and outcomes prevents firm conclusions on the effectiveness of peer support for mental health and well-being. Most studies were rated ‘poor’ or ‘fair’ in their risk of bias. There is not a solid evidence base for the effectiveness of peer support. Nonetheless, HEIs can use the terminology developed in this review for shared discussions that guide more robust research and evaluation of peer support as an intervention.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…98 One study had facilitators take turns leading, 87 whereas the others had all students trained with no set facilitator for the group sessions so that everyone was expected to participate equally. 106,107…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A systematic review of peer support interventions for student mental health and well-being in higher education

Pointon-Haas,

Waqar,

Upsher

et al. 2023

BJPsych open

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“…Two studies evaluated social connector interventions; emotion-focused coping increased significantly after paramedic-facilitated peer support groups on work-related stress for trainees (Pinks et al , 2021). A study strength was using multiple outcome measures.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Public mental health and wellbeing interventions delivered by allied health professionals (AHPs): mapping the evidence and identification of gaps. A systematic review

Wigham,

Kaner,

Bourne

et al. 2023

JPMH

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Purpose Mental well-being is associated with positive outcomes throughout the life course. This study aims to examine interventions delivered by allied health professionals (AHPs) to alleviate community stressors adversely impacting public mental health and well-being. Design/methodology/approach Review inclusion criteria comprised experimental and qualitative process evaluations of public mental health interventions delivered by AHPs. Electronic searches in Cinahl, Embase, Medline, PsycINFO and the Cochrane Library, were combined with grey literature searches of National Institute for Health and Care Excellence public health guidance. A narrative synthesis and the Effective Public Health Practice Project appraisal tool were used to evaluate the evidence. Findings A total of 45-articles were included in the review describing AHP-delivered interventions addressing social disadvantage, trauma, bullying, loneliness, work-related stress, transitional stress, intersectionality, pain and bereavement. No articles were identified evaluating interventions delivered by operating department practitioners or orthoptists. A conceptual map was developed summarising the stressors, and a typology of public mental health interventions defined including: place-based interventions, discrete/one-off interventions, multi-component lifestyle and social connector interventions and interventions targeting groups at risk of mental health conditions. Research limitations/implications Many mental health conditions begin in childhood, and a strength of the review is the life course perspective. A further strength is compiling a compendium of public mental health outcome measures used by AHPs to inform future research. The authors excluded many articles focussed on clinical interventions/populations, which did not meet review inclusion criteria. While playing a key role in delivering public mental health interventions, clinical psychologists are not defined as AHPs and were excluded from the review, and this may be construed a limitation. Given heterogeneity of study designs and interventions evaluated numerical analyses of pooled findings was not appropriate. Practical implications The review highlights the breadth of community stressors on which AHPs can intervene and contribute in public mental health contexts, stressors which correspond to those identified in UK Government guidance as currently important and relevant to address. The findings can inform developing community public mental health pathways that align with the UK National Health Service (NHS) Long Term Plan, on prevention and early intervention to protect community mental health and well-being. Further can inform the NHS strategic direction for AHPs including informing ways of increasing utilisation of core AHP skills to optimise contributions in public mental health agendas. Social implications It is surprising there were not more AHP delivered evaluations of interventions for other stressors important to address in public mental health settings, for example gambling, domestic violence or that used digital technology, and these are areas for future research. Future research should identify the most active/effective dimensions of multi-component interventions which could be informed by frameworks to guide complex intervention development. The relative paucity of research identified, highlights the predominant focus of research to date on interventions for clinical mental health conditions and populations. The lack of preventative approaches is evident, and an important area for future research to align with UK health and social care priorities. Originality/value The review highlights AHP-delivered interventions impacting diverse community stressors across the life course. The findings can inform developing public mental health pathways aligned with government health service priorities to protect mental health and well-being, prioritise prevention and early intervention and increase utilisation of AHP skills across public mental health settings.

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“…Healthcare professionals should pay more attention to patients with low emotional expressivity and high ambivalence over emotional expression simultaneously. Interventions that do not increase patients' fear of judgment from others, such as private writing-based emotional expression [64] and peer social support group interventions [65], may be effective in promoting their emotional disclosure and reducing their reluctance to express emotions. Considering patients' high emotional expressivity in the first week after injuries, it is important for healthcare professionals to implement emotional expression interventions as soon as possible.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A latent profile analysis of emotional expression among patients with unintentional injuries

Wang

Huang

et al. 2022

BMC Psychiatry

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Background Emotional expression has been suggested to affect the well-being of individuals with unintentional injuries. However, few studies have investigated it as a heterogeneous phenomenon. The purpose of this study was to characterize the patterns of emotional expression among patients with unintentional injuries using latent profile analysis, and to examine the relationship among these latent profiles and cognitive processing, posttraumatic growth, and posttraumatic stress disorder. Methods A cross-sectional study was carried out at two general hospitals in Wenzhou, China. In total, 352 patients with unintentional injuries completed the socio-demographic questionnaire, Berkeley Expressivity Questionnaire, Ambivalence Over Emotional Expression Questionnaire, Event-Related Rumination Inventory, the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory, and PTSD Checklist-Civilian Version. Results Three unique profiles were identified: high emotional expressivity (n = 238, 67.6%), moderate emotional expressivity (n = 45, 12.8%), and low emotional expressivity (n = 69, 19.6%). The ANOVA and chi-square tests demonstrated significant differences among the three groups concerning deliberate rumination and posttraumatic growth. Multinomial logistic regression analysis indicated that monthly income and time since injury significantly predicted profile membership. Conclusions Most patients showed high emotional expressivity after an unintentional injury. Emotional expression profiles were associated with deliberate rumination and posttraumatic growth. Emotional expression interventions tailored for different profiles are warranted after an unintentional injury.

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Does a peer social support group intervention using the cares skills framework improve emotional expression and emotion-focused coping in paramedic students?

Cited by 11 publications

References 25 publications

A systematic review of peer support interventions for student mental health and well-being in higher education

A systematic review of peer support interventions for student mental health and well-being in higher education

Public mental health and wellbeing interventions delivered by allied health professionals (AHPs): mapping the evidence and identification of gaps. A systematic review

A latent profile analysis of emotional expression among patients with unintentional injuries

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