“…These individuals heavily rely on established routines and existing mindsets, and they prefer well-known procedures over new approaches that deviate from the status quo (Karniol & Ross, 1996). Scholars have demonstrated that highly past-focused individuals tend to choose avoidance-oriented goals over approach-oriented ones (Peeters, Schreurs, & Damen, 2014), are less likely to change their behavioral intentions (Rabinovich & Morton, 2012), and report relatively low self-efficacy (Gana, Klein, Saada, & Trouillet, 2013). Accordingly, it is not surprising that highly past-focused individuals are often characterized as indecisive and ineffective (Karniol & Ross, 1996;Shipp & Aeon, 2019).…”