Documenting Trends in Nutrient Use and Conservation Practices on US Golf Courses

Gelernter, Wendy; Stowell, Larry J.; Johnson, Mark E.; Brown, Clark D.; Beditz, Joseph F.

doi:10.2134/cftm2015.0225

Cited by 18 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…The data reported here on the initial land‐use survey (conducted in 2006) covers 2005 and earlier. Full details of the survey process are described by Gelernter et al (2016). Survey weight factors were calculated as described by Kish (1990) and are shown in Supplemental Table S1.…”

Section: Survey Implementationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Documenting Trends in Land‐Use Characteristics and Environmental Stewardship Programs on US Golf Courses

Gelernter¹,

Stowell²,

Johnson

et al. 2017

Crop Forage & Turfgrass Mgmt

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Core Ideas• A survey of land-use characteristics and environmental stewardship programs on US golf courses was conducted in 2015 as a follow-up to an initial, 2005, study.• There were significant acreage reductions in maintained turf, as well as in overseeded and irrigated turf.• Trends in decreased acreage came about primarily through a combination of voluntary reductions in acreage and a net decrease in the number of golf facilities in the USA.•

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Section: Survey Implementationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Estimates of national and regional land‐use data were projected to the total census of US golf facilities based on survey responses for 2005 and 2015 data, as described in Gelernter et. al., 2016.…”

Section: Survey Implementationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Documenting Trends in Land‐Use Characteristics and Environmental Stewardship Programs on US Golf Courses

Gelernter¹,

Stowell²,

Johnson

et al. 2017

Crop Forage & Turfgrass Mgmt

Self Cite

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“…Finally, although this survey did not document reductions in offsite, or indirect, energy use, significant reductions in fertilizer use have been documented (Gelernter et al, 2016a) that would result in further reductions in the overall energy footprint of US golf courses.…”

Section: Conclusion and Recommendationsmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…The data reported here on the initial energy use survey (conducted in 2009) covers 2008 and earlier. Full details of the survey and data analysis process are described by Gelernter et al (2016a). Survey weight factors were calculated as described by Kish (1990) and are shown in Supplemental Table S1.…”

Section: Review Of Survey Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For this reason, the median, rather than the mean, was computed as the most accurate measure of central tendency. To determine levels of significance between study years, the Wilcoxon rank sum test (Moore et al, 2007), which is appropriate for both normal and nonnormal data, was applied as described earlier (Gelernter et al, 2016a). This approach was used to compare the 2015 and the 2008 datasets.…”

Section: Analysis Of Trends On Individual Golf Facitlitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Documenting Trends in Energy Use and Environmental Practices on US Golf Courses

Gelernter¹,

Stowell²,

Johnson

et al. 2017

Crop Forage & Turfgrass Mgmt

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• Energy use on US golf courses has declined since2008.• The greatest decreases were in electricity consumption.• Increased use of alternative energy sources, hybrid vehicles, and acreage reductions will result in further energy decreases in the future. This decrease was primarily the result of reduced consumption of electricity since 2008, including adoption of behavioral and physical or design features for the purpose of energy conservation, increased use of onsite solar panels, adoption of written energy plans, and use of energy audits. From 2008 to 2015, there was a small increase (2.2%) in diesel fuel use, but little change in the use of all other energy sources including gasoline, natural gas, propane, and heating oil on 18-hole facilities. There was a 7.8% decrease in overall energy use in the golf course industry as a whole, which came about as a result of behavioral changes in energy consumption (accounting for 39% of the decrease) and the reduced number of golf facilities in the United States since 2008 (accounting for 61% of the decrease). Future energy conservation efforts should be focused on electricity and fuel use, especially in golf maintenance activities, increased use of alternative energy sources, hybrid vehicles, reduced maintained acreage, and regular energy audits on which energy conservation plans can be based.

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Estimating economic minimums of mowing, fertilizing, and irrigating turfgrass

Soldat

Brosnan

Chandra³

et al. 2020

Agricultural & Env Letters

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The public health crisis and economic recession caused by the COVID-19 pandemic have forced turfgrass industry professionals to re-evaluate standard practices. Minimum costs required to fertilize, irrigate, and mow turfgrasses can be roughly estimated using climate data, turfgrass physiology information, and resource costs. Although the actual minimum costs vary situationally and regionally, mowing golf putting greens optimally requires about US$34 per acre per month, whereas other turfgrass areas cost less than US$11 per acre per growing month. Fertilizer applications to turfgrass cost US$22 or less per acre per growing month. Irrigation costs (water and electricity for pumping) vary widely, with the least expensive regions requiring ∼US$300 per acre per year compared with 12 times more than that total in other parts of the United States. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non-commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.

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Documenting Trends in Nutrient Use and Conservation Practices on US Golf Courses

Cited by 18 publications

References 8 publications

Documenting Trends in Land‐Use Characteristics and Environmental Stewardship Programs on US Golf Courses

Documenting Trends in Land‐Use Characteristics and Environmental Stewardship Programs on US Golf Courses

Documenting Trends in Energy Use and Environmental Practices on US Golf Courses

Estimating economic minimums of mowing, fertilizing, and irrigating turfgrass

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