Docosahexaenoic acid purification from fish processing industry by‐products

Abstract

Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is a well-known dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) found in marine fish and organisms whose beneficial effects for human health are widely reported. However, the supply of food containing DHA is currently becoming critical due to the overexploitation of fisheries worldwide. Consequently, searching for alternative sources of DHA is a relevant issue nowadays. Viscera from cultured fishes is considered a by-product by the fishery industry and therefore discarded after fish processing. In this work, viscera from farmed marine fish (Sparus aurata and Dicentrarchus labrax) and also oil extracted from such by-products have been studied to assess their suitability as DHA sources by obtaining their fatty acid profiles. Viscera oil was used as a source for DHA purification by a simple and easily scalable chromatographic method. As a result, a highly purified DHA fraction (>99.0% DHA on total fatty acids) was obtained.Practical applications: This DHA concentrate obtained from viscera oil could be potentially used for alimentary or pharmaceutical purposes due to its lower cholesterol content compared with other known marine sources and also because only safe and legally allowed food-grade solvents have been used throughout the whole process. This way, by obtaining a high added-value product, a revaluation is given to fish by-products which are usually discarded. Abbreviations: DHA, docosahexaenoic acid; EE, ethyl ester; EPA, eicosapentaenoic acid; FA, fatty acid; FAME, fatty acid methyl ester; FID, flame ionization detector; MUFA, monounsaturated fatty acids; PCB, polychlorinated biphenyls; PUFA, polyunsaturated fatty acids; SFA, saturated fatty acids 724Eur.

Fish bone peptide promotes osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3‐E1 pre‐osteoblasts through upregulation of MAPKs and Smad pathways activated BMP‐2 receptor

“…Moreover, inadequately discarded fishery by‐products lead to deterioration of environmental quality, generation of foul odour, and pest infestation . On the other hand, fishery by‐products contain various useful components such as peptides, collagen, gelatin, fish oil, and hydroxyapatite . These components are known to exhibit anti‐hypertension, anti‐oxidant, and anti‐microbial properties, among other biological activities.…”

“…15 On the other hand, fishery by-products contain various useful components such as peptides, collagen, gelatin, fish oil, and hydroxyapatite. [16][17][18][19][20] These components are known to exhibit anti-hypertension, 21 antioxidant, 22 and anti-microbial 23 properties, among other biological activities. A number of research endeavours focus on the eco-friendly utilization of the various bioactive components present in these byproducts.…”

Growth Performance, Feed Utilization and Body Composition of Clarias gariepinus (Burchell 1822) Fed Marine Fish Viscera-based-diet in Earthen Ponds

“…According to several studies, the poorest performance of fish fed alternative protein sources are due to the low feeding intake and low digestibility and imbalance of essential amino acids of diet [61,70]. The positive effect obtained in growth performance may be due to the increase protein digestibility and higher long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid content of MFV meal, as mentioned by Giri,et al [11,32,34,71]. Indeed, according to Nwanna et al [3,36,42], MFV meal is a good source of polyunsaturated fatty acid such as eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid, which plays important roles in metabolism.…”

Comparison of fatty acid profiles of dried and raw by‐products from cultured and wild fishes

“…Raw and dried by‐products (500 and 100 mg, respectively) and extracted lipids by each assayed method (30 mg) from raw and dried by‐products were weighed in Pyrex test tubes and derivatized to fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) by adding 2 mL of a mixture of methanol:acetyl chloride (20:1 v/v) and 1 mL n‐hexane and then heating at 100°C for 30 min in a hot block . Then, tubes were allowed to reach room temperature and 1 mL distilled water was added to each one.…”

“…Fish by‐products from aquaculture or fishery industries are currently used to elaborate fishmeal for animal feeding or they are directly discarded, causing problems regarding environmental protection and sustainability . However, such biomasses have a potential to be used as rich sources of EPA and DHA : several studies have been carried out with by‐products from different fish species such as carp ( Cyprinus carpio ) , hilsa fish ( Hilsa ilisa ) , trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss ) , catfish ( Clarias gariepinus ) , gilthead sea bream ( Sparus aurata ), and European sea bass ( Dicentrarchus labrax ) , to assess their suitability as EPA and DHA sources.…”