2000
DOI: 10.1126/science.290.5499.2140
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Docosahexaenoic Acid, a Ligand for the Retinoid X Receptor in Mouse Brain

Abstract: The retinoid X receptor (RXR) is a nuclear receptor that functions as a ligand-activated transcription factor. Little is known about the ligands that activate RXR in vivo. Here, we identified a factor in brain tissue from adult mice that activates RXR in cell-based assays. Purification and analysis of the factor by mass spectrometry revealed that it is docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), a long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid that is highly enriched in the adult mammalian brain. Previous work has shown that DHA is es… Show more

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Cited by 683 publications
(431 citation statements)
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“…We show here that haloperidol administration strongly increase the percentage of colocalization of NGFI-B and RXRg1 transcripts in the striatum. In addition, coadministration with haloperidol of two retinoid ligands, 9-cis RA and DHA (Heyman et al, 1992;de Urquiza et al, 2000), dose-dependently reduced or suppressed haloperidol-induced catalepsy and enkephalin mRNA upregulation. Although the enkephalin gene promoter contains a retinoic acid responsive element (RARE) , the activity of NGFI-B on the enkephalin promoter activity is not known.…”
Section: Ngfi-b(+/+) Ngfi-b(-/-) Ngfi-b(+/+) Ngfi-b(-/mentioning
confidence: 93%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…We show here that haloperidol administration strongly increase the percentage of colocalization of NGFI-B and RXRg1 transcripts in the striatum. In addition, coadministration with haloperidol of two retinoid ligands, 9-cis RA and DHA (Heyman et al, 1992;de Urquiza et al, 2000), dose-dependently reduced or suppressed haloperidol-induced catalepsy and enkephalin mRNA upregulation. Although the enkephalin gene promoter contains a retinoic acid responsive element (RARE) , the activity of NGFI-B on the enkephalin promoter activity is not known.…”
Section: Ngfi-b(+/+) Ngfi-b(-/-) Ngfi-b(+/+) Ngfi-b(-/mentioning
confidence: 93%
“…It has been previously shown that 9-cis RA strongly enhances the transcriptional activity of the NGFI-B/RXR heterodimer in vitro ( Nuclear receptors and neuroleptic effects I Éthier et al Vivat et al, 1997). More recently, DHA has been identified as a natural ligand for retinoid receptors (de Urquiza et al, 2000;Egea et al, 2002). Administration of 9-cis RA in combination with haloperidol dose-dependently reduces the severity of drug-induced catalepsy (Figure 6a, b), whereas it has no behavioral effect when injected alone (Figure 6a).…”
Section: Retinoid Ligands Can Suppress Haloperidol-induced Catalepsymentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Among the transcription factors known to bind to DHA are the peroxisome proliferatoractivated receptors (PPAR) (56) and the retinoic acid X nuclear receptor (57). The interaction with PPAR may be potentially important because of these transcription factors' role in regulating inflammation (58).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Because of its high degree of unsaturation, phospholipids containing this fatty acid may increase membrane fluidity and regulate the functions of membrane-associated proteins [90][91][92] . Docosahexaenoic acid itself may act as a signalling molecule by binding to retinoid X receptor (RXR), a ligand-activated transcription factor 93 (fIG. 5), or it may be oxygenated to produce various bioactive lipids.…”
Section: Signalling On Demandmentioning
confidence: 99%