Docosahexaenoic Acid

Richard, Caroline; Calder, Philip C.

doi:10.3945/an.116.012963

Cited by 23 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Overexpression of VEGFR3 that blocks VEGF-C pathway signaling led to a similar result [8]. Others and we have shown that only sodium as the chloride salt increases bp [10, 27]. In human hypertension, sodium must also be accompanied by chloride to impact on bp [28].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 53%

Mild Salt-Sensitive Hypertension in Genetically Determined Low Nephron Number is Associated with Chloride but Not Sodium Retention

Benz¹,

Schlote²,

Daniel³

et al. 2018

Kidney Blood Press Res

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Background/Aims: One potential pathomechanism how low nephron number leads to hypertension in later life is altered salt handling. We therefore evaluated changes in electrolyte and water content in wildtype (wt) and GDNF+/- mice with a 30% reduction of nephron number. Methods: 32 GDNF+/- and 36 wt mice were fed with low salt (LSD, 0.03%, normal drinking water) or high salt (HSD, 4%, 0.9% drinking water) diet for 4 weeks. Blood pressure was continuously measured by telemetry in a subgroup. At the end of the experiment and after standardized ashing processes electrolyte- and water contents of the skin and the total body were determined. Results: We found higher blood pressure in high salt treated GDNF+/-compared to wt mice. Of interest, we could not confirm an increase in total-body sodium as predicted by prevailing explanations, but found increased total body and skin chloride that interestingly correlated with relative kidney weight. Conclusion: We hereby firstly report significant total body and skin chloride retention in salt sensitive hypertension of GDNF+/-mice with genetically determined lower nephron number. Thus, in contrast to the prevailing opinion our data argue for the involvement of non-volume related mechanisms.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 53%

Mild Salt-Sensitive Hypertension in Genetically Determined Low Nephron Number is Associated with Chloride but Not Sodium Retention

Benz¹,

Schlote²,

Daniel³

et al. 2018

Kidney Blood Press Res

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“…DHA (22 : 6n3) is a 22-carbon n-3 PUFA with critical tissue-specific roles throughout the lifespan (1) . Current recommendations emphasise the consumption of preformed DHA in the diet, particularly during pregnancy and lactation, to ensure an adequate supply to the developing neonate (2) .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Reproductive state and choline intake influence enrichment of plasma lysophosphatidylcholine-DHA: a post hoc analysis of a controlled feeding trial

et al. 2019

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The major facilitator superfamily domain 2a protein was identified recently as a lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) symporter with high affinity for LPC species enriched with DHA (LPC-DHA). To test the hypothesis that reproductive state and choline intake influence plasma LPC-DHA, we performed a post hoc analysis of samples available through 10 weeks of a previously conducted feeding study, which provided two doses of choline (480 and 930 mg/d) to non-pregnant (n 21), third-trimester pregnant (n 26), and lactating (n 24) women; all participants consumed 200 mg of supplemental DHA and 22 % of their daily choline intake as 2H-labelled choline. The effects of reproductive state and choline intake on total LPC-DHA (expressed as a percentage of LPC) and plasma enrichments of labelled LPC and LPC-DHA were assessed using mixed and generalised linear models. Reproductive state interacted with time (P = 0·001) to influence total LPC-DHA, which significantly increased by week 10 in non-pregnant women, but not in pregnant or lactating women. Contrary to total LPC-DHA, patterns of labelled LPC-DHA enrichments were discordant between pregnant and lactating women (P < 0·05), suggestive of unique, reproductive state-specific mechanisms that result in reduced production and/or enhanced clearance of LPC-DHA during pregnancy and lactation. Regardless of the reproductive state, women consuming 930 v. 480 mg choline per d exhibited no change in total LPC-DHA but higher d3-LPC-DHA (P = 0·02), indicating that higher choline intakes favour the production of LPC-DHA from the phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase pathway of phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis. Our results warrant further investigation into the effect of reproductive state and dietary choline on LPC-DHA dynamics and its contribution to DHA status.

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“…Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) are both n-3 PUFA endogenously derived from α-linolenic acid (ALA) (Lauritzen et al 2016). Although EPA and DHA are not classified as essential dietary fatty acids, they are products in the downstream metabolism of ALA (as seen in Figure 1), which is an essential fatty acid obtained through diet (Richard and Calder 2016). The overall process of synthesizing ALA to EPA and DHA however is quite inefficient in humans (Richard and Calder 2016;Echeverria et al 2017).…”

Section: Biology Of Epa and Dhamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although EPA and DHA are not classified as essential dietary fatty acids, they are products in the downstream metabolism of ALA (as seen in Figure 1), which is an essential fatty acid obtained through diet (Richard and Calder 2016). The overall process of synthesizing ALA to EPA and DHA however is quite inefficient in humans (Richard and Calder 2016;Echeverria et al 2017). Recent research finds conversion rates of ALA to DHA typically fall below 1% with EPA conversion rates also being quite low but, are often greater than that of DHA (Hussein et al 2005).…”

Section: Biology Of Epa and Dhamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recent research finds conversion rates of ALA to DHA typically fall below 1% with EPA conversion rates also being quite low but, are often greater than that of DHA (Hussein et al 2005). Due to ALA conversion rates being quite inefficient, consuming EPA and DHA from marine-based food sources and fish-oil supplements is the most effective route for increasing circulating levels (Richard and Calder 2016;Wiktorowska-owczarek and Nowak 2015).…”

Section: Biology Of Epa and Dhamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sports-related concussions and subconcussive impacts in athletes: incidence, diagnosis, and the emerging role of EPA and DHA

Lust

Mountjoy

Robinson

et al. 2020

Appl. Physiol. Nutr. Metab.

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Sports-related concussions (SRC) are a traumatic brain injury induced as the result of a biomechanical force to the body which temporarily impairs neurological functions. Not all traumatic impacts reach the threshold necessary to produce concussive symptoms, however, the culmination of these events are known as sub-concussive impact(s) (SCI). Athletes who have been diagnosed with a SRC, or those who accumulate multiple SCI have exhibited structural damage to the brain, impairments to learning and memory, and an increase in depressive symptoms. This area is rapidly evolving and current clinical definitions of injury, diagnosis and treatment of SRC and SCI are reviewed. In tandem, there is also growing research examining the role of nutrition in brain injuries focused primarily on n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA).The potential role of which eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) reduce inflammation and promote recovery following brain injury are also reviewed. Overall, advancements in the evaluation of SRC and SCI coupled with n-3 PUFA supplementation shows promise in the management of brain injuries leading to better long-term health outcomes for athletes. Bullet Points: SRC have garnered widespread attention due to the growing body of reported prevalence in youth and professional sports. Current definitions and protocol(s) for diagnosing SRC and SCI have improved, but still require further evaluation. n-3, EPA and DHA, reduce inflammation and promote recovery following brain injuries in experimental models.

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Docosahexaenoic Acid

Cited by 23 publications

References 10 publications

Mild Salt-Sensitive Hypertension in Genetically Determined Low Nephron Number is Associated with Chloride but Not Sodium Retention

Mild Salt-Sensitive Hypertension in Genetically Determined Low Nephron Number is Associated with Chloride but Not Sodium Retention

Reproductive state and choline intake influence enrichment of plasma lysophosphatidylcholine-DHA: a post hoc analysis of a controlled feeding trial

Sports-related concussions and subconcussive impacts in athletes: incidence, diagnosis, and the emerging role of EPA and DHA

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