Due to the enhanced resistance of bacteria to antibiotics,
researchers
always try to find effective alternatives to treat drug-resistant
bacterial infections. In this context, we have explored antimicrobial
peptides (AMPs), which are a broad class of small peptide molecules,
and investigated their efficacy as potent antibacterial and antibiofilm
agents. AMPs can cause cell death either through disruption of the
cell membrane or by inhibiting vital intracellular functions, by binding
to RNA, DNA, or intracellular components upon transversion through
the cell membrane. We attempted to find potent intracellular cationic
AMPs that can demonstrate antibacterial activity through interaction
with DNA. As a source of AMPs, we have utilized those that are secreted
from the human microbiome with the anticipation that these will be
non-toxic in nature. Out of the total 1087 AMPs, 27 were screened
on the basis of amino acid length and efficacy to cross the cell membrane
barrier. From the list of 27 peptides, 4 candidates were selected
through the docking score of these peptides with the DNA binding domain
of H2A proteins. Further, the molecular dynamics simulation analysis
demonstrated that 2 AMPs, i.e., peptides 7 and 25, are having considerable
membrane permeation and DNA binding ability. Further, the in vitro
analysis indicated that both peptides 7 and 25 could exhibit potent
antibacterial and antibiofilm activities. In order to further enhance
the antibiofilm potency, the above AMPs were used as supplements to
silver nanoclusters (Ag NCs) to get synergistic activity. The synergistic
activity of Ag NCs was found to be significantly increased with both
the above AMPs.