Do we really need the “detriment” for radiation protection?

Breckow, Joachim

doi:10.1007/s00411-020-00861-y

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 7 publications

(11 reference statements)

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“…Applying the same methodology, with risk models based on the LSS, Walsh et al (2019) demonstrated how reference dose levels translated differently into specific cancer risk levels depending on age at exposure, gender, time since exposure, and type of cancer within the German population. ICRP is also planning new recommendations that may well include new parameters (Cléro et al 2019, Zhang et al 2020) which would need more transparency and comprehensibility for non-specialists in radiation protection (Breckow 2020). This growing trend on improving the understanding and the estimate of health consequences could help to get broader types of results than effective doses by the use of alternative quantities such as lifetime excess cancer risk for the most sensitive organ.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cancer risk from chronic exposures to chemicals and radiation: a comparison of the toxicological reference value with the radiation detriment

Cléro

Bisson

Nathalie

et al. 2021

Radiat Environ Biophys

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This article aims at comparing reference methods for the assessment of cancer risk from exposure to genotoxic carcinogen chemical substances and to ionizing radiation. For chemicals, cancer potency is expressed as a toxicological reference value (TRV) based on the most sensitive type of cancer generally observed in animal experiments of oral or inhalation exposure. A dose-response curve is established by modelling experimental data adjusted to apply to human exposure. This leads to a point of departure from which the TRV is derived as the slope of a linear extrapolation to zero dose. Human lifetime cancer risk can then be assessed as the product of dose by TRV and it is generally considered to be tolerable in a 10 -6 -10 -4 range for public in normal situation. Radiation exposure is assessed as effective dose corresponding to a weighted average of energy deposition in body organs. Cancer risk models were derived from the epidemiological follow-up of atomic bombing survivors. Considering a linear-no-threshold dose-risk relationship and average baseline risks, lifetime nominal risk coefficients were established for 13 types of cancers. Those are adjusted according to the severity of each cancer type and combined into an overall indicator denominated radiation detriment. Exposure to radiation is subject to dose limits proscribing unacceptable health detriment. The differences between chemical and radiological cancer risk assessments are discussed and concern data sources, extrapolation to low doses, definition of dose, considered health effects and level of conservatism. These differences should not be an insuperable impediment to the comparison of TRVs with radiation risk, thus opportunities exist to bring closer the two types of risk assessment.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cancer risk from chronic exposures to chemicals and radiation: a comparison of the toxicological reference value with the radiation detriment

Cléro

Bisson

Nathalie

et al. 2021

Radiat Environ Biophys

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“…The proposal deserves special attention because DALY is intuitive and easy to communicate, focuses on the quality of life rather than on a generic risk that can occur at any time in life, and places radiological risk in a context with other risks. DALY was already proposed as a metric of radiation health risk [48], and the authors suggested that it is superior to the concept of "detriment" used by ICRP [49]. Of course, DALY still requires the data used in REID, RADS, or LCM metrics.…”

Section: Csamentioning

confidence: 99%

Dose Limits and Countermeasures for Mitigating Radiation Risk in Moon and Mars Exploration

Boscolo

Durante

2022

Physics

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After decades of research on low-Earth orbit, national space agencies and private entrepreneurs are investing in exploration of the Solar system. The main health risk for human space exploration is late toxicity caused by exposure to cosmic rays. On Earth, the exposure of radiation workers is regulated by dose limits and mitigated by shielding and reducing exposure times. For space travel, different international space agencies adopt different limits, recently modified as reviewed in this paper. Shielding and reduced transit time are currently the only practical solutions to maintain acceptable risks in deep space missions.

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“…In Publication 103 (ICRP, 2007), incidence-based cancer risk models were introduced, and the basis of estimating the risk of heritable disease was revised based on updated knowledge of human genetic diseases and the process of germline mutagenesis. These modifications are considered reasonable, and changes in the estimated values reflect scientific understanding and data available at the time. (114) Despite efforts to assess the non-fatal component, fatal cancer risk accounts for a substantial fraction of radiation detriment (Breckow, 2020). This is because cancer constitutes a major part of stochastic effects, and the current scheme of severity adjustment relies mainly on the lethality fraction.…”

Section: Potential Evolutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(114) Despite efforts to assess the non-fatal component, fatal cancer risk accounts for a substantial fraction of radiation detriment (Breckow, 2020). This is because cancer constitutes a major part of stochastic effects, and the current scheme of severity adjustment relies mainly on the lethality fraction.…”

Section: Potential Evolutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

ICRP Publication 152: Radiation Detriment Calculation Methodology

2022

Ann ICRP

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Radiation detriment is a concept developed by the International Commission on Radiological Protection to quantify the burden of stochastic effects from low-dose and/or low-dose-rate exposures to the human population. It is determined from the lifetime risks of cancer for a set of organs and tissues and the risk of heritable effects, taking into account the severity of the consequences. This publication provides a historical review of detriment calculation methodology since ICRP Publication 26, with details of the procedure developed in ICRP Publication 103, which clarifies data sources, risk models, computational methods, and rationale for the choice of parameter values. A selected sensitivity analysis was conducted to identify the parameters and calculation conditions that can be major sources of variation and uncertainty in the calculation of radiation detriment. It has demonstrated that sex, age at exposure, dose and dose-rate effectiveness factor, dose assumption in the calculation of lifetime risk, and lethality fraction have a substantial impact on radiation detriment values. Although the current scheme of radiation detriment calculation is well established, it needs to evolve to better reflect changes in population health statistics and progress in scientific understanding of radiation health effects. In this regard, some key parameters require updating, such as the reference population data and cancer severity. There is also room for improvement in cancer risk models based on the accumulation of recent epidemiological findings. Finally, the importance of improving the comprehensibility of the detriment concept and the transparency of its calculation process is emphasised. © 2022 ICRP. Published by SAGE.

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Do we really need the “detriment” for radiation protection?

Cited by 6 publications

References 7 publications

Cancer risk from chronic exposures to chemicals and radiation: a comparison of the toxicological reference value with the radiation detriment

Cancer risk from chronic exposures to chemicals and radiation: a comparison of the toxicological reference value with the radiation detriment

Dose Limits and Countermeasures for Mitigating Radiation Risk in Moon and Mars Exploration

ICRP Publication 152: Radiation Detriment Calculation Methodology

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