Do we Really Know What we are Building? Raising Awareness of Potential Sustainability Effects of Software Systems in Requirements Engineering

Duboc, Letícia; Betz, Stefanie; Penzenstadler, Birgit; Koçak, Sedef Akinli; Chitchyan, Ruzanna; Leifler, Ola; Porras, Jari; Seyff, Norbert; Venters, Colin C.

doi:10.1109/re.2019.00013

Cited by 39 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 24 publications

(31 reference statements)

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“…These involve assessing the potential implications and risks of an ADM system, and are important mechanisms for uncovering and mitigating potential problems. Assessments may encompass a range of concerns, such as legality and compliance [72], issues of discrimination and equality [49,59], impacts on fundamental rights [35], ethical issues [16], sustainability concerns [25], amongst others. Some assessments are legally required -GDPR, for instance, requires Data Protection Impact Assessments (DPIAs) in various circumstances [72], including where there is an extensive evaluation of personal aspects that leads to decisions with significant effects (common for many ADM processes); other existing (e.g.…”

Section: Commissioningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reviewable Automated Decision-Making

Cobbe

Lee

Singh

2021

Proceedings of the 2021 ACM Conference on Fairness, Accountability, and Transparency

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This paper introduces reviewability as a framework for improving the accountability of automated and algorithmic decisionmaking (ADM) involving machine learning. We draw on an understanding of ADM as a socio-technical process involving both human and technical elements, beginning before a decision is made and extending beyond the decision itself. While explanations and other model-centric mechanisms may assist some accountability concerns, they often provide insufficient information of these broader ADM processes for regulatory oversight and assessments of legal compliance. Reviewability involves breaking down the ADM process into technical and organisational elements to provide a systematic framework for determining the contextually appropriate record-keeping mechanisms to facilitate meaningful review-both of individual decisions and of the process as a whole. We argue that a reviewability framework, drawing on administrative law's approach to reviewing human decision-making, offers a practical way forward towards more a more holistic and legally-relevant form of accountability for ADM.

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Section: Commissioningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reviewable Automated Decision-Making

Cobbe

Lee

Singh

2021

Proceedings of the 2021 ACM Conference on Fairness, Accountability, and Transparency

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“…Existing approaches such as [7] have already identified methods for involving stakeholders during the analysis phase of architecting. However, our proposal is to expand their participation throughout the architecting life cycle.…”

Section: Economic Dimensionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Software Sustainability in the Age of Everything as a Service

Andrikopoulos

Lago

2021

Lecture Notes in Computer Science

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“…The sustainability awareness diagram (Becker et al, 2016;Duboc et al, 2019) is a graphic tool that has the shape of a pentagon that has been subdivided into five triangles Each triangle represents one dimension of sustainability. In turn, each triangle is subdivided into three areas that represent the three orders of effects.…”

Section: Sustainability Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Design of a Sustainable Blockchain-Oriented Software for Building Workers Management

et al. 2020

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The building workers sector is one of the most challenging sectors for Human Resources (HR) management. In this work, we propose a solution relying on Blockchain technology and present the design of a Blockchain-Oriented Software system conceived for managing the building workers sector with a focus on workers' safety, and it is guided by sustainable and Agile Methodologies in software design. The proposed approach takes advantage of different features of the Blockchain technology and provides transparency for labor inspectors, grants data integrity and immutability, relies on tamper-proof time stamps for any recorded activity, allows the implementation of Smart Contracts where clauses are automatically respected without the need of a trusted control authority, acknowledges the legal requirements in the field, including the possibility of creating an Operational Safety Plans, which construction companies have to provide, and finally implements the creation of vacant job positions that workers can find and apply to. In order to achieve these goals, we adopt the Blockchain-Oriented Software Engineering (BOSE) methodology to design Blockchain software applications and apply an Agile methodology centered on Blockchain Software development (called ABCDE) for the design and development of the decentralized application. Such a methodology allows us to center the software development around the actors of the system in the specific domain, such as Building Workers, Construction Companies, Labor Inspectors, and so on. In addition, we rely on the software sustainability analysis, based on the five dimensions of sustainability, to evaluate the approach and to avoid mistakes in the system development. We design system elements with specific diagrams, and we divided our system in the on-chain and the out-of-chain components. The implementation of the system, done by using Ethereum and the ERC721 standard, allows us to improve some aspect of the design, to know the deployment and usage costs, and to evaluate the effect of the user interface. Finally, we discuss the effects of our system and its sustainability, and we provide a comparison of our system with a similar per aims but centralized system.

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Do we Really Know What we are Building? Raising Awareness of Potential Sustainability Effects of Software Systems in Requirements Engineering

Cited by 39 publications

References 24 publications

Reviewable Automated Decision-Making

Reviewable Automated Decision-Making

Software Sustainability in the Age of Everything as a Service

Design of a Sustainable Blockchain-Oriented Software for Building Workers Management

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