Do we need dual-process theory to understand implicit bias? A study of the nature of implicit bias against Muslims

Bursell, Moa; Olsson, Filip

doi:10.1016/j.poetic.2021.101549

Cited by 11 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 80 publications

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“…), their unique life experiences will shape the affective heuristic that each member employs when making decisions about pediatric heart transplants. This is not a conscious process, and the potential for implicit bias is present (for a discussion of alternative frameworks to the study of implicit cognition, including single‐ and hybrid‐process models, see Bursell and Olsson) 59 …”

Section: Science Of Human Decision Makingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is not a conscious process, and the potential for implicit bias is present (for a discussion of alternative frameworks to the study of implicit cognition, including single-and hybrid-process models, see Bursell and Olsson). 59 Finally, decision-making heuristics are shaped by contextual factors. For example, bias for the status quo influences human decision making.…”

Section: Scien Ce Of H Uman Decis I On Makingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Review on clinician bias and its impact on racial and socioeconomic disparities in pediatric heart transplantation

Amdani,

Gossett,

Chepp

et al. 2024

Pediatric Transplantation

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This expert review seeks to highlight implicit bias in health care, transplant medicine, and pediatric heart transplantation to focus attention on the role these biases may play in the racial/ethnic and socioeconomic disparities noted in pediatric heart transplantation. This review breaks down the transplant decision making process to highlight points at which implicit bias may affect outcomes and discuss how the science of human decision making may help understand these complex processes.

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Section: Science Of Human Decision Makingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Scien Ce Of H Uman Decis I On Makingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review on clinician bias and its impact on racial and socioeconomic disparities in pediatric heart transplantation

Amdani,

Gossett,

Chepp

et al. 2024

Pediatric Transplantation

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Relatedly, some scholars posit that deliberate cognition is simply more prominent and consequential for action than initially suggested (Hitlin and Kirkpatrick Johnson 2015; Leschziner and Green 2013; Mische 2014; Vila-Henninger 2015, 2021). Others have challenged the dual nature of cognitive processing altogether, arguing for the explanatory power of single-process models (Bursell and Olsson 2021) or the analytic value of tripartite models of cognition that include separate metacognitive processes (Leschziner and Brett 2019) or identifying cultural practices that are irreducible to either automatic or deliberate cognition (Pagis and Summers-Effler 2021).…”

Section: Dual-process Models: Context Cognition and Actionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dueling with Dual-Process Models: Cognition, Creativity, and Context

Brett

2022

Sociological Theory

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Sociologists increasingly draw on dual-process models of cognition to account for the ways context, cognition, and action interrelate. Drawing from 40 interviews with improvisers and observations from improvisational theater, I find that dual-process model scholarship is limited in three respects: It does not consider how cognition operates in situations where order and disruption are concurrent, it fails to realize there is interindividual variation in cognitive processing, and it underestimates the creativity emerging through automatic processes. Interactions in improv contain elements of both order and disruption, and they place demands on automatic and deliberate cognition simultaneously. Improvisers respond to these competing demands through either automatic or deliberate thinking dispositions, which are engendered through explicit instruction, practical experience, and artistic commitments. These dispositions, in turn, shape creative decision-making, predicting interindividual differences in how improvisers respond to contingencies on stage. I conclude by discussing the implications for culture, cognition, and action.

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“…Furthermore, Vila-Henninger (2015) also demonstrated that Types I and II processes often interact, and therefore Strong Practice Theory's dichotomy between unconscious/Type I and conscious/Type II is often inaccurate. Further work has demonstrated ways in which Strong Practice Theory's dichotomy breaks down-such as for distinct cognitive processes such as creativity, and as well as due to contextual factors (Abramson 2012;Bursell and Olsson 2021;Cerulo 2018Cerulo , 2019Leschziner 2015;Leschziner 2019;Leschziner and Green 2013;Leschziner and Brett 2019;Winchester 2016;Williams 2020). Lizardo et al (2016) advanced this research agenda by outlining the "Dual-Process Framework" (DPF).…”

Section: Sociological Dual-process Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Dual‐Process Model of Economic Behavior: Using Culture and Cognition, Economic Sociology, Behavioral Economics, and Neuroscience to Reconcile Moral and Self‐Interested Economic Action*

Vila‐Henninger

2021

Sociological Forum

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Synthesizing theory and findings from across neoclassical economics, behavioral economics, economic sociology, culture and cognition, and neuroscience, I create a dual-process model of economic behavior that explains both self-interested and moral decision-making. The core of this model is from neuroscience (Crockett 2013;Cushman 2013;Greene 2017;Lockwood et al. 2020). In my model, Type I and Type II processes exist relative to socially learned outcomes and causal models for achieving these outcomes. For Type I cognition, nondeclarative strategies for how to achieve an outcome are learned through life experience and automatically generate "gut feelings" about how to accomplish a given outcome. Type II cognition is deliberation based on declarative memory of the process through which one must act to obtain an outcome. Type II cognition also deliberates between Type I and Type II inputs for how to reach an outcome. This model allows for goals, and strategies to achieve goals, to be learned socially-therefore allowing for actors to learn moral and/or selfinterested economic goals and strategies through social interaction. This model can be used across economic sociology, cultural sociology, and the sociology of morality because it advances current models of selfinterested decision-making and moral judgment. Furthermore, this article is a bridge between behavioral economics and sociology, as well as between cultural sociology and economic sociology that can help foster collaboration by providing a common model of behavior.

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Do we need dual-process theory to understand implicit bias? A study of the nature of implicit bias against Muslims

Cited by 11 publications

References 80 publications

Review on clinician bias and its impact on racial and socioeconomic disparities in pediatric heart transplantation

Review on clinician bias and its impact on racial and socioeconomic disparities in pediatric heart transplantation

Dueling with Dual-Process Models: Cognition, Creativity, and Context

A Dual‐Process Model of Economic Behavior: Using Culture and Cognition, Economic Sociology, Behavioral Economics, and Neuroscience to Reconcile Moral and Self‐Interested Economic Action*

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