Do vasomotor and genitourinary symptoms of menopause vary between sedente and migrant groups? A study on the Oraon tribal populations of Eastern India

Abstract

Objectives Human reproductive characteristics are embedded within local ecological contexts. A shift in the local ecology is likely to offer challenges in reproductive outcome. We aimed to investigate sedente–migrant variation in experiencing vasomotor and genitourinary symptoms at perimenopausal and postmenopausal stages and its concomitants. Methods Four hundred Oraon tribal populations living in Eastern India (sedente [100 each from perimenopausal and postmenopausal groups] and migrants [100 each from perimenopausal and postmenopausal groups]) were studied. Data on vasomotor and genitourinary symptoms, socio‐demographic and reproductive history, body compositions, lifestyle variables, and energy intake were compared between sedente and migrant independently for perimenopausal and postmenopausal groups. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to identify the principal components (PCs) of menopausal symptoms. A two level multilevel linear regression was applied independently for perimenopausal and postmenopausal groups to identify the concomitants of menopausal symptoms and estimate sedente–migrant variance. Results Bivariate analysis showed significant (p ≤ .05) sedente–migrant differences in socio‐demographic, reproductive, body composition, energy intake, and lifestyle variables and in some of the vasomotor and genitourinary symptoms. In multilevel analyses, random effect did not show significant heterogeneity between sedente and migrant groups in experiencing menopausal symptoms; however, fixed effect showed that region from which participants were recruited (Gram Panchayat [GP]) and individual level characteristics were concomitants (p ≤ .05) for menopausal symptoms, irrespective of menopausal status. Conclusion Variability at GP levels and individual level characteristics of sedente and migrant groups predominantly determined menopausal symptoms of the study populations, but not the migration status.

Do contrasting socio‐ecological conditions bring difference in premenstrual syndrome and its concomitants? A sedente‐migrant comparative study from Eastern India

“…Nutrient intake of the participants was assessed using 24 h recall method considering daily intake of both cooked and uncooked food items (gram/day) using “portion size” method, following the guideline of National Institute of Nutrition (NIN) (2011). Methods of data collection are published elsewhere (Thakur et al, 2021). Intake of raw equivalents of different food items for each major consumed item was calculated using the following formulae (NIN, 2009).…”

“…It has now been over 150 years that the “Migrated” populations left their native habitat and living in a new socio‐ecological set up almost over five generations. Following some earlier studies (Ghosh & Chakraborty, 1997; Mascie‐Taylora & Krzyzanowska, 2017; Thakur et al, 2021) we considered the Oroan populations inhabiting Ranchi district as “sedente” group and those living in Jalpaiguri district as the “migrant” group. In course of the pilot study, the first author (JT) had the opportunity to closely observe the everyday life of the sednete and the migrant participants.…”

“…In course of the pilot study, the first author (JT) had the opportunity to closely observe the everyday life of the sednete and the migrant participants. It appeared that the quality of life of the sedentes was better off than the migrants (Thakur et al, 2021). We hypothesized that the migrant Oraon group, owing to their stay in an altered socio‐ecological setting over almost five generations, may develop differential ovarian attributes including PMS, compared to the group living in native habitat, the “sedentes.”…”

Prevalence of major depressive disorder and its determinants among young married women and unmarried girls: Findings from the second round of UDAYA survey

“…We applied multilevel modelling because some of the independent variables were not directly measured at the individual level, yet they reflect characteristics of the social ecology that affects the variables determining the depression at the individual level. The nested structure of the UDAYA data allowed the analyses using multilevel regression models to examine the effects of various contextual variables operating at the community level apart from determinants at the individual level [ 69 – 71 ]. We hypothesized that participants from the same PSU may have similar exposure to community norms and societal expectations; thereby, the participants will have differential exposure across PSUs.…”