Do values explain the low employment levels of Muslim women around the world? A within‐ and between‐country analysis

Abdelhadi, Eman; England, Paula

doi:10.1111/1468-4446.12486

Cited by 28 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…To minimise sample loss for the HRS, missing values were imputed using a technique adopted by Abdelhadi and England (2019) . Within a cluster of the same form of contact (face-to-face, telephone, email, or social media) with children, other family members, and friends, if a respondent had a missing value for one item, a regression-based prediction was produced estimating their response to the missing item based on their valid responses to the other two items.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19, Inter-household Contact and Mental Well-Being Among Older Adults in the US and the UK

Qian

2021

Front. Sociol.

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Interacting with family members and friends from other households is a key part of everyday life and is crucial to people’s mental well-being. The COVID-19 pandemic severely curtailed face-to-face contact between households, particularly for older adults (aged 60 and above), due to their high risk of developing severe illness if infected by COVID-19. In-person contact, where possible, was largely replaced by virtual interaction during the pandemic. This article examines how inter-household contact in face-to-face and virtual forms, as well as combinations of the two forms of contact, related to older adults’ mental well-being during the pandemic. Data from two national longitudinal surveys, collected from the same respondents before (2018–2019) and during (June 2020) the pandemic, were comparatively analysed: the Health and Retirement Study in the US and Understanding Society in the UK. The findings showed a notable increase in loneliness in the US and a decline in general mental well-being in the UK following the outbreak of COVID-19. In both countries, more frequent inter-household face-to-face contact during the pandemic was associated with better general mental well-being, but inter-household virtual contact, via means such as telephone and digital media, was not associated with general mental well-being in either the US or the UK. In the US, older adults who engaged more frequently in virtual contact were more likely to feel lonely during the pandemic, particularly if their face-to-face contact was limited. In both countries, the increase in loneliness following the outbreak of the pandemic was greater for older adults who reported more virtual contact. The findings suggest that household-centred crisis management during the COVID-19 pandemic had unintended mental health implications in both the US and the UK, despite contextual differences between the two countries. Although face-to-face contact between households helped to sustain older adults’ mental well-being, virtual contact was not a qualitatively equivalent alternative. The findings also provide an important evidence base for informing policy developments and for supporting the mental health of older people during the COVID-19 pandemic and in the longer term.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19, Inter-household Contact and Mental Well-Being Among Older Adults in the US and the UK

Qian

2021

Front. Sociol.

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“…According to the initial discussion of assimilation theory, the cultural and socioeconomic dimensions of assimilation are likely to be connected. Recent research has increasingly focused on this issue by considering the connection between cultural values and employment, for example (Abdelhadi and England 2018;Gorinas 2014;Kalmijn and Kraaykamp 2018). Some theoretically interesting possibilities for making such connections are as follows.…”

Section: Conclusion: Entering the Mainstream?mentioning

confidence: 99%

One Order Fits All? Birth Order and Education in Immigrant Families

Isungset

Lillehagen

Ugreninov

2019

European Sociological Review

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Birth order causes social inequality between siblings. In Western countries, earlier-born perform better than later-born. In non-Western countries, however, earlier-born generally perform worse than later-born. We use administrative data to compare birth order effects between the native population and Norwegian-born children of immigrants (450,864 individuals nested within 202,191 families). The outcome is based on lower secondary school points—a combined measurement of all marks at the end of compulsory education. We found negative effects of birth order on school points for Norwegian natives. This finding is in line with previous studies from Western countries using measures of educational achievement. Birth order effects amongst Norwegian-born children of immigrant parents vary according to maternal country of origin, with some displaying similar effects as natives and others displaying no birth order effects. These findings are surprising in light of the main theories on birth order, which are universalistic and do not predict group-differences. We argue that the universalistic theories need to be supplemented to account for our findings, and discuss the potential importance of cultural variation in family-related behaviours such as strategic parenting, kindergarten attendance, and peer-influence in high-achieving immigrant groups.

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“…see Dagkas and Benn 2006, Read 2004, Spierings 2014, Spierings 2016, Talbani 1996. While this is a plausible explanation, a number of studies, including very recent ones, have questioned and eventually dismissed it (Abdelhadi 2017, Abdelhadi and England 2018, Khattab, Johnston and Manley 2017. We would argue that the high rate of economic inactivity among Muslim women in Canada should be explained in terms of the relationship between economic inactivity and the very high unemployment rate experienced by this group.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Muslim women in the Canadian labor market: Between ethnic exclusion and religious discrimination

Khattab

Miaari

Mohamed-Ali³

et al. 2019

Research in Social Stratification and Mobility

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This paper compares the labor market position of women from religious minority backgrounds with that of the majority group of Christian White Canadian women. In particular, it examines the relative disadvantage of Muslim women in relation to labor market participation, unemployment rate and the likelihood of obtaining managerial and professional occupations. The analysis was carried out using data obtained from the 2011 Canadian National Household Survey (NHS). The results suggested that, relative to White Christian women, most ethno-religious groups were significantly disadvantaged in the Canadian labor market, especially in relation to participation and unemployment. However, the pattern that was found in relation to occupational attainment was different and worth discussing. Not all Muslim women seemed to be disadvantaged in obtaining managerial and professional jobs. Black and Arab Muslim women, surprisingly enough, were as likely as the majority, Christian White women to be represented within the category of managers and professionals. This paper considers cultural explanations and the role of discrimination and a human capital deficit, as well as suggesting new directions by proposing the hypothesis of 'discouraged women', in explaining the low rate of participation, and a 'surplus education' hypothesis to explain occupational attainment. However, by and large, structural inequality, fostered by cultural racism and that based on color, remains the most plausible explanation.

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Do values explain the low employment levels of Muslim women around the world? A within‐ and between‐country analysis

Cited by 28 publications

References 48 publications

COVID-19, Inter-household Contact and Mental Well-Being Among Older Adults in the US and the UK

COVID-19, Inter-household Contact and Mental Well-Being Among Older Adults in the US and the UK

One Order Fits All? Birth Order and Education in Immigrant Families

Muslim women in the Canadian labor market: Between ethnic exclusion and religious discrimination

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