Do Urea/Ammonium Lactate Combinations Achieve Better Skin Protection and Hydration than Either Component Alone?

Gloor, M.; Fluhr, Joachim W.; Lehmann, L.; Gehring, W.; Thieroff-Ekerdt, Ruth

doi:10.1159/000049387

Cited by 17 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The carboxylate pool in particular was significantly correlated with the increased water-holding capacity of the skin. Urea is the predominant humectant in the test emollient and so also likely accounts for a significant proportion of the SC's improved water-holding capacity [38]. The hydrating effect of urea has been demonstrated in a range of bases previously (reviewed in Pan et al [39 ]and Loden [40]).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of an Emollient Containing Urea, Ceramide NP, and Lactate on Skin Barrier Structure and Function in Older People with Dry Skin

Danby

Brown

Higgs-Bayliss

et al. 2016

Skin Pharmacol Physiol

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Xerosis affects up to 75% of older people and develops as a result of a skin barrier defect. Emollients are widely used to treat xerosis; however, there is limited understanding of the differences between them and their effects on the skin barrier in older people. This study aimed to compare the effect of a commercially available emollient containing 5% urea, ceramide NP and lactate (test emollient) to an alternative emollient without these additives (control emollient) on the properties of the skin barrier in older people. Two cohorts of 21 volunteers aged >60 years with dry skin were recruited. The first applied the test emollient to one forearm and no treatment to the other for 28 days. The second compared the test emollient to the control emollient observing the same parameters. Effects on the skin barrier were determined by measuring skin barrier function, hydration, skin surface pH and by analysing Fourier transform infrared spectra before and after treatment. A third cohort of 6 young adults was recruited to investigate the effect of a single treatment with the test emollient on the molecular structure of the skin barrier at greater depths by employing the tape-stripping technique. The test emollient hydrated the skin to a significantly greater extent and for a longer period of time compared to the control emollient, an effect associated with a significant elevation of carboxylate groups (a marker of natural moisturizing factor content) within the stratum corneum. Furthermore, the test emollient imparted additional benefits to the structure and function of the skin barrier not exhibited by the control emollient. In conclusion, the test emollient addressed the pathological features of xerotic aged skin, supporting its use as first-line therapy for xerotic skin conditions in this population.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of an Emollient Containing Urea, Ceramide NP, and Lactate on Skin Barrier Structure and Function in Older People with Dry Skin

Danby

Brown

Higgs-Bayliss

et al. 2016

Skin Pharmacol Physiol

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“…In accordance with other studies, TEWl and skin capacitance were chosen to describe the integrity of the skin barrier (13)(14)(15). An intact barrier function is generally reflected by low TEWL values and high capacitance, whereas barrier disruptions cause increases in TEWl and decreases in capacitance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical Properties and Barrier Function of Healthy Human Skin

Pedersen¹,

Jemec²

2006

Acta Derm Venereol

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The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the mechanical properties and the epidermal barrier function of the skin in vivo. A suction cup device commonly used for measurement of skin mechanics was used to provide a defined stress to the skin using the ventral forearm in 16 healthy volunteers. The integrity of the barrier function was assessed by trans-epidermal water loss and skin capacitance. In the first part of the study, changes in barrier function were measured following the application of standardized strain to the skin barrier. In the second part of the study changes in skin mechanics were assessed following standardized barrier removal. The Wilcoxon signed rank test and Spearman's rank correlation were used for statistical analysis. Significant increases were established in trans-epidermal water loss (p < 0.01) with concomitant significant decreases in capacitance (p < 0.05) following 400 mbar and 600 mbar of suction, suggesting that the mechanical integrity of the skin barrier was disrupted. A significant increase in distensibility (p < 0.05) and hysteresis (p < 0.01) was found following stripping, relating the role of the skin barrier to the overall mechanical properties of the skin. This study showed that the water permeability of the epidermis was significantly affected by the application of mechanical stress to the skin and vice versa, the mechanical properties of the skin were altered when the barrier was compromised. These observations suggest that the mechanical strength of the skin barrier may play a role in the development of, for example, friction dermatitis and other skin diseases affected by mechanical stress.

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“…Functional studies SC hydration was measured as changes in electrical capacitance in arbitrary units with a Corneometer (CM 820, Courage & Khazaka, Cologne, Germany) (Fluhr et al , 1999; Gloor et al , 2002). Sebaceous lipid (sebum) content was measured with a Sebumeter (MC7570; Courage & Khazaka).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Is Endogenous Glycerol a Determinant of Stratum Corneum Hydration in Humans?

Choi

Man

Wang

et al. 2005

Journal of Investigative Dermatology

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Although stratum corneum (SC) hydration has been primarily of concern to the cosmetic industry, it serves an important biosensor function. In murine models, not only deiminated products of filaggrin-derived amino acids ("NMF") but also endogenous glycerol from circulation into the epidermis via aquaporin 3 channel and from triglyceride turnover in sebaceous glands (SG) are important determinants. We assessed here whether endogenous glycerol could also be linked to SC hydration in humans. SG-enriched sites are more hydrated than SG-impoverished sites, and SC hydration correlates with both sebum production and SC glycerol content, but the correlation is more significant for SC glycerol content than for sebum content. Moreover, gender-related differences in sebum content are not associated with altered SC hydration. SC hydration is also linked to SC glycerol content in SG-impoverished sites, suggesting a role for non-SG-derived (? from circulation) glycerol in SC hydration. Finally, short-term water immersion produces a parallel decline in SC hydration and SC glycerol content, with glycerol levels returning to normal over several hours. These results suggest that endogenous glycerol of both circulatory and SG origin comprises an H2O-extractable pool that influences SC hydration in humans. These results also provide a rationale for the development of glycerol-containing therapeutic moisturizers.

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Do Urea/Ammonium Lactate Combinations Achieve Better Skin Protection and Hydration than Either Component Alone?

Cited by 17 publications

References 16 publications

The Effect of an Emollient Containing Urea, Ceramide NP, and Lactate on Skin Barrier Structure and Function in Older People with Dry Skin

The Effect of an Emollient Containing Urea, Ceramide NP, and Lactate on Skin Barrier Structure and Function in Older People with Dry Skin

Mechanical Properties and Barrier Function of Healthy Human Skin

Is Endogenous Glycerol a Determinant of Stratum Corneum Hydration in Humans?

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