Do urban environments increase the risk of anxiety, depression and psychosis? An epidemiological study

McKenzie, Karen; Murray, Aja Louise; Booth, Tom

doi:10.1016/j.jad.2013.05.032

Cited by 121 publications

(85 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…The elderly between the ages of 80 and 84 described their health as worse, while 85-89 year olds reported their health as excellent 30 . Area of residence may be related to improved health perception 12,13 . In the present study, many of the caregivers reported being satisfied with their health, life and the care they took of themselves.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the other hand, the findings of studies comparing rural and urban contexts do not corroborate. The rural population has been described as suffering due to the distance from health equipment 12 , while the high crime rates, dense, populous and polluted environments that are typical of urban areas increase the risk of health problems 13 . There are often no differences between urban and rural caregivers, making it difficult to characterize the epidemiological profile of these specific populations 14,15 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Health profile of family caregivers of the elderly and its association with variables of care: a rural study

Brígola

Luchesi

Rossetti

et al. 2017

Rev. bras. geriatr. gerontol.

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Objective: to analyze the profile of a population of caregivers from a city in a rural area of the state of São Paulo, Brazil, and identify their health complaints and the characteristics of care provided. Method: a prospective cross-sectional study was performed based on a domicile survey of 99 caregivers and their elderly care recipients. Information about the profile, context of care and health complaints of the caregivers was collected. The caregivers responded to the Zarit Burden Inventory and the Geriatric Depression Scale-15 and the elderly underwent a cognition and functionality assessment. The chi-squared test with odds ratio (OR) was performed to test associations. Result: the majority of the caregivers were women (n=76), elderly (n=83), with a median age 65.8 (±10.4) years and 4.9 (±4.2) years of formal schooling. The most frequent health complaints were pain, systemic hypertension, insomnia, back problems and vision problems. The elderly care recipients were men (n=75), with an average age of 72.0 (±8.2) years. Analysis of associations revealed that caregivers who received emotional support had a lower chance of being highly overburdened (OR=0.37; CI95% 0.15-0.90). Caring for over five years was associated with arthritis (OR=2.50; CI95% 1.0-6.56). Caring of an elderly person with cognitive impairment was strongly associated with peripheral vascular diseases (OR=2.70; CI95% 1.11-6.85) and other diseases (OR=6.94; CI95% 1.43-33.63). Conclusion: A better understanding of the reality of care in rural and remote areas and the identification of factors related to the health care of caregivers provides better care management for the elderly and caregivers, who themselves are aging.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Health profile of family caregivers of the elderly and its association with variables of care: a rural study

Brígola

Luchesi

Rossetti

et al. 2017

Rev. bras. geriatr. gerontol.

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“…This is related to the burden of illness of current citizens and has shifted from physiological infections to non-communicable psychological anxiety disorders (Dye 2008). Urban experience contributes to tension-anxiety of citizens in nearly all ages from 10 to 60 years old (Dekker et al 2008, McKenzie et al 2013, Bruzzese & Klein 2016) through shaping the socioeconomic pressure, physical environment and social interactions (Galea 2011). Results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013 revealed that mental and substance disorders collectively accounted for 21.2% all-year life lost to disability (YLD) wherein anxiety was ranked ninth highest specific cause of YLD in both developed and developing countries (Risal et al 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The tree-species-specific effect of forest bathing on perceived anxiety alleviation of young-adults in urban forests

Guan

Wei

et al. 2017

Ann. For. Res.

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He X., Ren Z., An B., 2017. The tree-species-specific effect of forest bathing on perceived anxiety alleviation of young-adults in urban forests. Ann. For. Res. 60(2): 327-341.Abstract. Forest bathing, i.e. spending time in a forest to walk, view and breathe in a forest, can alleviate the mental depression of visitors, but the tree-species-specific effect of this function by the urban forest is unknown. In this study, sixty-nine university students (aged 19-22, male ratio: 38%) were recruited as participants to visit urban forests dominated by birch (Betula platyphylla Suk.), maple (Acer triflorum Komarov) and oak (Quercus mongolica Fisch. ex Ledeb) trees in a park at the center of Changchun City, Northeast China. In the maple forest only the anxiety from study interest was decreased, while the anxiety from employment pressure was alleviated to the most extent in the birch forest. Participants perceived more anxiety from lesson declined in the oak forest than in the birch forest. Body parameters of weight and age were correlated with the anti-anxiety scores. In the oak forest, female participants can perceive more anxiety alleviation than male participants. For university students, forest bathing in our study can promote their study interest. Forest bathing can be more effective to alleviate the anxiety of young adults with greater weight. The birch forest was recommended to be visited by students to alleviate the pressure of employment worry, and the oak forest was recommended to be visited by girls.

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“…High population density urban areas are characterized by high rates of crime, mortality, social isolation, environmental pollution and noise [9,10,19]. Research shows that more than half of the world population today live in urban areas, and demographic forecasts predictits continuous growth to more than 6.3 billion by 2050 [19]. In Poland, 61% of people live in urbanized areas and the number is still increasing [2].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of dietary habits and nutritional status of depressive patients, depending on place of residence

Stefańska¹,

Wendołowicz²,

Cwalina³

et al. 2017

Ann Agric Environ Med.

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Introduction and objectives. An increased incidence of depressive disorders observed in recent years in the Polish and world population is a serious health problem. The aim of the study was to compare dietary habits and nutritional status of patients with recurrent depressive disorders, depending on their place of residence. Their impact on selected metabolic parameters was also considered. Materials and method. The study group comprised 96 women and 84 men reporting to the Outpatient Mental Health Clinic at the Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Bialystok in north-eastern Poland. The average age of the women was 46.7±11.7 years, and of men 47.0±11.3 years. In the quantitative assessmentof diets, 24-hour food recall interviews were conducted. Assessment of the nutritional status of the respondents consisted of anthropometric measurements, body composition analysis and biochemical parameters. Results. It was show that the diets of female urban inhabitants were characterized by a significantly lower energy value and total fat content, compared to their rural counterparts. The food rations of men living in the city had a significantly higher energy value, protein content and total FAT, compared to rural residents. It was also noted that urban residents of both genders were characterized by a lower percentage of body fat, both visceral and subcutaneous (women), and a higher water content than rural residents. Conclusions. The study showed dietary errors in all compared groups, regardless of place of residence, which was reflected in the nutritional status of the respondents. The results also indicated that during the declared change in dietary habits, the treatment of depressive patients should include dietary instructions in order to ensure an optimum supply of nutrients.

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Do urban environments increase the risk of anxiety, depression and psychosis? An epidemiological study

Abstract: Background: The present total population study aimed to investigate whether there is an

Cited by 121 publications

References 33 publications

Health profile of family caregivers of the elderly and its association with variables of care: a rural study

Health profile of family caregivers of the elderly and its association with variables of care: a rural study

The tree-species-specific effect of forest bathing on perceived anxiety alleviation of young-adults in urban forests

Assessment of dietary habits and nutritional status of depressive patients, depending on place of residence

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