Do Trade-Offs Have Explanatory Power for the Evolution of Organismal Interactions?

Asplen, Mark K.; Bruns, Emily A.; David, Aaron S.; Denison, R. Ford; Epstein, Brendan; Kaiser, Matthew C.; Kaser, Joe M.; Lacroix, Catherine; Mohl, Emily K.; Quiram, Gina; Prescott, Kristina; Stanton-Geddes, John; Vincent, John B.; Wragg, Peter D.; May, Georgiana

doi:10.1111/j.1558-5646.2012.01573.x

Cited by 12 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Specialists were found to have well differentiated biotic niches, suggesting this may be a mechanism for their community persistence with generalists, thus increasing the overall diversity of host exploitation strategies. These trends were consistent across the five networks and support the idea that costs associated with the different strategies may not be the most relevant explanatory variable for interaction web and community structure in certain systems (Asplen et al 2012;Fry 1996;Poisot et al 2011a). We discuss the relevance of our results to the persistence of diversity of biotic niches in antagonistic associations.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 79%

“…The view that costs associated with generality are a major driver of coexistence may not be true when complex interactions between genes or genomic regions exist (Remold 2012). In some complex systems found in nature, other factors (mostly ecological) may also have stronger impacts than trade-offs (Asplen et al 2012). Our study is limited in its implications on this point, since assays were performed under controlled laboratory conditions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The structure of natural microbial enemy-victim networks

2013

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Introduction: The persistence of generalists and specialists is a topical question in community ecology and results from both ecological and evolutionary processes. At fine taxonomical scales, ecological specialisation, i.e. organisms preferentially exploiting a subset of available habitats, is thought to be a driver promoting niche diversity. It is not clear, however, how different mechanisms interact to shape specialist-generalist coexistence. Methods: We reconstruct the structure of five bacteria-phage networks from soil isolates, and perform an analysis of the relationships between host phylogenetic diversity, parasite specialism, and parasite performance. Results: We show that the co-occurrence of species on a continuum of specialism/generalism is influenced by niche overlap, phage impact on bacterial hosts, and host phylogenetic structure. In addition, using a null-model analysis we show that infection strategies of the phages have more explanatory power than bacterial defenses on key structural features of these antagonistic communities. Conclusions: We report that generalists have more impact on their hosts than specialists, even when the phylogenetic heterogeneity of hosts is controlled for. We discuss our results in the light of their implications for the evolution of biotic interactions.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 79%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The structure of natural microbial enemy-victim networks

2013

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“…Also, although there is ample evidence of fitness trade‐offs among hosts, there is also evidence of the opposite (Ebert, ; Elena & Lenski, ; Elena et al ., ). Hence, identification and quantification of across‐host trade‐offs is central to understanding parasite evolution, as trade‐offs will constrain host range expansion (Asplen et al ., ), with important consequences for disease emergence or for developing sustainable control strategies for infectious diseases.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trade‐offs in host range evolution of plant viruses

García‐Arenal

Fraile

2013

Plant Pathology

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Understanding host range evolution in plant viruses is central for the control of viral diseases: changes in host range resulting in host switches or host range expansions are at the root of virus emergence either in new host species or in host genotypes previously resistant to the virus. Theory predicts that different selection pressures in different hosts will result in fitness trade-offs across hosts, leading to specialization. This paper reviews the evidence in support of this prediction. A large fraction of plant viruses are multihost parasites: evidence for across-species trade-offs has been reported both from the analysis of field virus populations and, more often, from passage experiments resulting in host adaptation. More abundant evidence for across-host trade-offs derives from the analysis of the performance of resistancebreaking virus genotypes in resistant and susceptible host genotypes. Data indicate that overcoming dominant resistance is coupled to severe fitness costs, while overcoming recessive resistance may be associated with fitness costs according to the specific virus genotype. There is ample evidence that antagonistic pleiotropy is a major cause of the reported across-host trade-offs.

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“…To date, most studies of symbioses have focused on pairwise interactions between host and symbiont (Stanton 2003) and invoke trade-offs for understanding the constraints on virulence (Asplen et al 2012). For parasite-host interactions, the virulence-transmission trade-off is posited as a negative correlation between the rate of symbiont reproduction and the duration of infection in the host (Kermack and McKendrick 1932;Edmonds et al 1975;Anderson and May 1979;May and Anderson 1983;Lenski and May 1994;Gandon et al 2001;Alizon et al 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coevolution between Mutualists and Parasites in Symbiotic Communities May Lead to the Evolution of Lower Virulence

Nelson

May

2017

The American Naturalist

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Most eukaryotes harbor a diverse community of parasitic, mutualistic, and commensal microbial symbionts. Although the diversity of these microbial symbiotic communities has recently drawn considerable attention, theory regarding the evolution of interactions among symbionts and with the host is still in its nascent stages. Here we evaluate the role of interactions among coinfecting symbionts in the evolution of symbiont virulence toward the host. To do so, we place the virulence-transmission trade-off into a community context and model the evolution of symbiont trophic modes along the continuum from parasitism (virulence) to mutualism (negative virulence). We establish a framework for studying multiple infections of a host by the same symbiont species and coinfection by multiple species, using a concept of shared costs, wherein the negative consequences of virulence (or harm) toward the host are shared among symbionts. Our results show that mutualism can be maintained under infection by multiple symbionts when shared costs are sufficiently low, while greater virulence and parasitism toward the host are more likely when shared costs are high. Last, for coinfection by more than one species, we show that if the presence of a mutualist ameliorates some of the costs of pathogen virulence, then the symbiotic community may more often evolve to a more commensal state and maintain mutualisms.

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Do Trade-Offs Have Explanatory Power for the Evolution of Organismal Interactions?

Cited by 12 publications

References 28 publications

The structure of natural microbial enemy-victim networks

The structure of natural microbial enemy-victim networks

Trade‐offs in host range evolution of plant viruses

Coevolution between Mutualists and Parasites in Symbiotic Communities May Lead to the Evolution of Lower Virulence

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