Do the characteristics of new green space contribute to gentrification?

Kim, Seung Kyum; Wu, Longfeng

doi:10.1177/0042098021989951

Cited by 46 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…On the other hand, a recent study of New York City parks showed a clear gentrification effect only in medium-sized parks, with no obvious effect in small and large parks [27]. The same study found that both passive-use and natural parks showed a greater gentrification effect compared to active-use (e.g., sports) green parks.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…It is possible that gentrification effects might still occur over a longer period of time than the 17-year window analyzed herein. However, our span of observation is about the same range or longer as that used in previous studies showing green gentrification patterns, e.g., 9 years [27], 10 years [21], 11 years [37] and 5 years [38].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…For example, green space size positively influenced gentrification in a study of 10 US cities [26]. Similarly, a strong green gentrification effect has been observed in passive, natural and medium-sized green spaces [27]. Third, as a large, successfully managed and commonly used green space that is regionally recognized and established for over 20 years [12], the KUW is an excellent case study to examine the effects of an urban wilderness green space on real estate prices.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Does an Urban Wilderness Promote Gentrification? A Case Study from Knoxville, Tennessee, USA

2022

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The Knoxville Urban Wilderness (KUW) is a successful example of a growing global movement to utilize vacant urban land as many cities “de-urbanize”. A key question is whether this particular kind of green space promotes social inequality via green gentrification. Our analysis shows how the KUW has affected nearby home prices. Socioeconomic data including income, educational attainment, and race is also presented to explore the possibility of gentrification in South Knoxville. Our findings do not support strong evidence of gentrification, which implies that lower-income households are benefiting from advances in environmental amenities. Other households in specific areas are benefiting from both increases in home values and from expansions of the KUW. These are encouraging results for urban planning efforts that seek to utilize large areas of vacant urban land while also having positive social and economic impacts.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Does an Urban Wilderness Promote Gentrification? A Case Study from Knoxville, Tennessee, USA

2022

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“…Similarly, Pearsall and Eller (2020) found that parks likely anchored gentrification in certain neighborhoods, but was not a driver of gentrification in others. Finally, Kim and Wu's (2021) study of parks in New York City revealed that park characteristics had an impact on gentrification outcomes over the medium-and long-term. While these three studies are all based on North American cities, our study contributes an additional line of evidence of the complexity of park-related gentrification based on a study in Latin America.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using Google Street View to Examine Urban Context and Green Amenities in the Global South: The Chilean Experience

Haddad

Christman

Pearsall

et al. 2021

Front. Sustain. Cities

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This study evaluates the use of virtual, human-interpreted, field observations using Google Street View (GSV) to examine the presence of conditions that may be used to analyze green gentrification in the Global South. We propose that green gentrification is characterized by the introduction or improvement of green amenities (such as parks) as well as corresponding changes to the urban context (such as facade materials). While virtual field observations have been used to examine neighborhood context for other applications, this method has not yet been applied to the study of green gentrification, nor in the Global South. Using one urban park located in Talca, Chile, and in three urban parks located in Santiago, Chile, we sought to address the following research questions: (1) How do in situ and virtual field observations compare as methods of evaluating green amenities and urban context? (2) What characteristics of green amenities and urban context must be addressed to investigate green gentrification in the Global South? (3) How do indicators of green amenities and urban context observed via virtual field observations indicate the potential for green gentrification? In order to observe the streetside conditions of the neighborhoods surrounding established, improved, and new parks, we utilize the ground-level 360° imagery through GSV as an alternative to in situ studies, which can be time-consuming, expensive, and logistically challenging. Features related to the land use composition, building materials used, and the presence of aesthetic improvements and pedestrian amenities were noted as potential indicators of gentrification, and the correspondence between the two methods of observation were evaluated. Results indicate that virtual field observations can provide a promising method that may facilitate the identification and investigation of the effects of green gentrification in the Global South, broadening the scope and application of this research. This comparison offers insight into the use and comparison of virtual and in situ observations for identifying green gentrification in the Global South and for the applicability of the virtual observation method in this heterogeneous urban landscape, especially in cases with unreliable or unavailable data.

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“…Gentrification is a process that occurs when historically disinvested neighborhoods experience economic revitalization that transforms their demographic, real estate and business characteristics [24], leading to an influx of new residents of higher SES and social privilege, and a transition towards a more educated, wealthier, whiter population, able to afford new or renovated, more expensive properties while also fomenting new cultural and consumption practices, finally changing the essential character of the neighborhood [22,[25][26][27]. The association between new neighborhood resources, such as the creation or restoration of greenspaces, and gentrification has been shown in a variety of cities worldwide [28], including Barcelona [29][30][31][32]. However, the direction of the causal pathway remains unclear [28,33].…”

Section: Are Greenspaces Associated With Neighborhood Gentrification Processes?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Mental Health Outcomes in Barcelona: The Interplay between Gentrification and Greenspace

Zayas-Costa

Cole

Anguelovski

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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Greenspace is widely related to mental health benefits, but this relationship may vary by social group. Gentrification, as linked to processes of unequal urban development and conflict, potentially impacts health outcomes. This study explores the relationships between greenspace and mental health and between gentrification and mental health associations. It also further examines gentrification as an effect modifier in the greenspace–mental health association and SES as an effect modifier in the gentrification-mental health association. We used cross-sectional Barcelona (Spain) data from 2006, which included perceived mental health status and self-reported depression/anxiety from the Barcelona Health Survey. Greenspace exposure was measured as residential access to (1) all greenspace, (2) greenways and (3) parks in 2006. Census-tract level gentrification was measured using an index including changes in sociodemographic indicators between 1991 and 2006. Logistic regression models revealed that only greenways were associated with better mental health outcomes, with no significant relationship between mental health and parks or all greenspace. Living in gentrifying neighborhoods was protective for depression/anxiety compared to living in non-gentrifying neighborhoods. However, only residents of gentrifiable census tracts benefited from the exposure to greenways. SES was not found to be an effect modifier in the association between gentrification and mental health. Future research should tackle this study’s limitations by incorporating a direct measure of displacement in the gentrification status indicator, accounting for qualitative aspects of greenspace and user’s perceptions. Gentrification may undermine the health benefits provided by greenspace interventions.

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Do the characteristics of new green space contribute to gentrification?

Cited by 46 publications

References 58 publications

Does an Urban Wilderness Promote Gentrification? A Case Study from Knoxville, Tennessee, USA

Does an Urban Wilderness Promote Gentrification? A Case Study from Knoxville, Tennessee, USA

Using Google Street View to Examine Urban Context and Green Amenities in the Global South: The Chilean Experience

Mental Health Outcomes in Barcelona: The Interplay between Gentrification and Greenspace

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