Do the aldehydes present as tobacco smoke toxicants share a common mode of action?

Cunningham, Fiona; Fiebelkorn, Stacy; Meredith, Clive

doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2011.05.881

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…The methodologies are applicable to just about any chemical compound in cigarette smoke that can be measured analytically. This improves the relevancy for outcome assessment of risk assessment paradigms and is also consistent with a longer-term goal for developing quantitative risk assessment paradigms via common mode of action for mixtures (Cunningham et al, 2011). The samples needed from the subjects are filters from their smoked cigarettes and a 24-h urine sample.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 62%

Methodologies for the quantitative estimation of toxicant dose to cigarette smokers using physical, chemical and bioanalytical data

Charles¹,

McAughey

Shepperd

2013

Inhalation Toxicology

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Methodologies have been developed, described and demonstrated that convert mouth exposure estimates of cigarette smoke constituents to dose by accounting for smoke spilled from the mouth prior to inhalation (mouth-spill (MS)) and the respiratory retention (RR) during the inhalation cycle. The methodologies are applicable to just about any chemical compound in cigarette smoke that can be measured analytically and can be used with ambulatory population studies. Conversion of exposure to dose improves the relevancy for risk assessment paradigms. Except for urinary nicotine plus metabolites, biomarkers generally do not provide quantitative exposure or dose estimates. In addition, many smoke constituents have no reliable biomarkers. We describe methods to estimate the RR of chemical compounds in smoke based on their vapor pressure (VP) and to estimate the MS for a given subject. Data from two clinical studies were used to demonstrate dose estimation for 13 compounds, of which only 3 have urinary biomarkers. Compounds with VP > 10−5 Pa generally have RRs of 88% or greater, which do not vary appreciably with inhalation volume (IV). Compounds with VP < 10−7 Pa generally have RRs dependent on IV and lung exposure time. For MS, mean subject values from both studies were slightly greater than 30%. For constituents with urinary biomarkers, correlations with the calculated dose were significantly improved over correlations with mouth exposure. Of toxicological importance is that the dose correlations provide an estimate of the metabolic conversion of a constituent to its respective biomarker.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 62%

Methodologies for the quantitative estimation of toxicant dose to cigarette smokers using physical, chemical and bioanalytical data

Charles¹,

McAughey

Shepperd

2013

Inhalation Toxicology

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“…The authors thus felt unable to rank the TSNAs in this concept. Future efforts would include the use of physiologically based toxicokinetic models and the evaluation of the mode of action of the respective constituent for the investigation of potential interactions with other constituents, which was already initiated for a group of MS aldehydes . In the context of the current review, MoEs could also be used as inverse potency factors for deriving HQ or HI and applied to comparative assessments of MS constituents or cigarette types.…”

Section: Alternative Concepts For Risk-based Prioritization Of Smoke ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of Hazard Indices for a Theoretical Evaluation of Cigarette Smoke Composition

Haussmann¹

2012

Chem. Res. Toxicol.

136

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The chemical composition of cigarette mainstream smoke (MS) has been quantitatively analyzed in multiple studies, often with the objective to toxicologically evaluate and compare various types of MS. Increases and decreases in yields of constituents between MS types can only be consolidated if these yields are compared on the basis of toxicological properties of the individual constituents. For the risk assessment of various complex mixtures including MS, a hazard index (HI) approach has been used that requires weighing of the exposure to individual MS constituents by cancer and noncancer potency values. The objective of the current study is to review the past uses of the HI concept for MS and smokeless tobacco and discuss strengths and limitations of using this concept. Published information as well as information made available on the Web was used. The HI concept has been applied to MS for determining and comparing theoretical lifetime risks, for consumer communication, for the prioritization of constituents for reduction, for ingredient assessment, and for the selection of constituents for regulation. The limitations of this approach are associated with the limited number of MS constituents with available yield data, the gaps and uncertainties in available potency values, the application to relatively high exposure concentrations, and the default assumption of additivity. The derived theoretical noncancer index is dominated by acrolein to an extent that there seems to be not much advantage in using the HI concept for noncancer assessments. The derived theoretical cancer index is dominated by genotoxic carcinogens of the MS vapor phase and may thus complement currently used toxicological assays in a tiered evaluation approach. As is the case for every other assay and interpretation model, the HI concept needs to be applied with its limitations and weaknesses in mind. Its best application is for comparative purposes. It should be kept in mind that the HI concept is a theoretical concept and does not provide actual risk information.

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An optoelectronic detector for aldehydes discrimination applications based on CD-like colorimetric chip

Zhao

Lei²,

Hou

et al. 2019

Microchemical Journal

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Do the aldehydes present as tobacco smoke toxicants share a common mode of action?

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

Methodologies for the quantitative estimation of toxicant dose to cigarette smokers using physical, chemical and bioanalytical data

Methodologies for the quantitative estimation of toxicant dose to cigarette smokers using physical, chemical and bioanalytical data

Use of Hazard Indices for a Theoretical Evaluation of Cigarette Smoke Composition

An optoelectronic detector for aldehydes discrimination applications based on CD-like colorimetric chip

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