“…Infants with CHDs have increased risk of morbidity and mortality (Lee et al, ; Cleves et al, ; Hoffman, ; Yang et al, ; Lloyd‐Jones et al, 2010) throughout life but especially during infancy and childhood (Nembhard et al, ; Gilboa et al, ; Khairy et al, ). Risk factors associated with increased risk of mortality include preterm birth, low birth weight (Curzon et al, ), number and type of co‐occurring birth defects (Fixler et al, ), CHD phenotype, age at operation (Gerling et al, ), infant sex (Seifert et al, ), type of surgical procedure and more recently, race/ethnicity (Cleves et al, ; Garne, ; Hoffman, ; Chang et al, ; Nembhard et al, ; Nembhard et al, ). Disparities in survival among persons with CHD by maternal race/ethnicity are present overall and for specific CHD phenotypes (Boneva et al, ; Lee et al, ; Nembhard et al, ; Fixler et al, ; Flores, ; Gilboa et al, ; Nembhard et al, ).…”