Do Sprouting Tree Species on Erosion-prone Sites Carry Large Reserves of Resources?

Sakai, Akiko; Sakai, Satoki; Akiyama, Fumiaki

doi:10.1006/anbo.1996.0389

Cited by 55 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…5 Relationship between asexual reproductive ability of each species (ARAI) and a annual sexual reproductive potential scaled by plant size (Pearson correlation = -0.745; P = 0.034) and b annual seed mass produced per plant scaled by plant size (Pearson correlation = 0.36; P = 0.378). Each point represents a mean value for the species species frequently resprouting had abundant carbohydrate reserves in their roots, whereas species that rarely resprout have low reserves (Sakai et al 1997). To our knowledge there are no studies explicitly comparing C allocation in resprouter and nonresprouter species in tropical systems, but some studies have reported a strong link between carbohydrate storage and light requirements, where storage is higher in shade-tolerant than in light-demanding species (Kobe 1997;Poorter and Kitajima 2007).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

When sex is not enough: ecological correlates of resprouting capacity in congeneric tropical forest shrubs

2009

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In moist tropical forests resprouting may be an important component of life history, contributing to asexual reproduction through the clonal spread of individuals derived from shoot fragments. However, in contrast to other ecosystems where resprouting is common, the ecological correlates of resprouting capacity in tropical forests remain largely unexplored. In this study we characterized shade tolerance, resprouting capacity and sexual reproductive success of eight co-occurring Piper species from lowland forests of Panama. In field experiments we found that shade-tolerant Piper species had a higher capacity to regenerate from excised or pinned stem fragments than light-demanding species in both gap and understory light conditions. In contrast, shade-tolerant species had lower recruitment probabilities from seeds, as a consequence of lower initial seed viability, and lower seedling emergence rates. All Piper species needed gap conditions for successful seedling establishment. Of 8,000 seeds sown in the understory only 0.2% emerged. In gaps, seed germination of light-demanding species was between 10 and 50%, whereas for shade-tolerant species it was 0.5-9.8%. We propose that the capacity to reproduce asexually from resprouts could be adaptive for shade-tolerant species that are constantly exposed to damage from falling litter in the understory. Resprouting may allow Piper populations to persist and spread despite the high rate of pre-dispersal seed predation and low seed emergence rates. Across Piper species, we detected a trade-off between resprouting capacity and the annual viable seed production per plant but not with annual seed mass produced per plant. This suggests that species differences in sexual reproductive success may not necessarily result from differential resource allocation. Instead we suggest that low sexual reproductive success in the understory may in part reflect reduced genetic diversity in populations undergoing clonal growth, resulting in self-fertilization and in-breeding depression.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

When sex is not enough: ecological correlates of resprouting capacity in congeneric tropical forest shrubs

2009

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“…Advantages of maintaining large storage reserves may be overlooked if one considers only short-term advantages of storage over the life span of aboveground structures and not that of the entire organism (Sakai et al 1997). Iwasa and Kubo (1997) used an allocation model to decipher the optimal size of belowground storage for plants in environments subjected to unpredictable aerial disturbance.…”

Section: Feasibility Of Maintaining Large Storage Reservesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extensive belowground carbon storage supports roots and mycorrhizae in regenerating scrub oaks

2002

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Portions of a regenerating scrub oak ecosystem were enclosed in open-top chambers and exposed to elevated C0 2 . The distinct 13 C signal of the supplemental C0 2 was used to trace the rate of C integration into various ecosystem components. Oak foliage, stems, roots and ectomycorrhizae were sampled over 3 years and were analyzed for 13 C composition. The aboveground tissue 13 C equilibrated to the novel 13 C signal in the first season, while the belowground components displayed extremely slow integration of the new C. Roots taken from ingrowth cores showed that 33% of the C in newly formed roots originated from a source other than recent photosynthesis inside the chamber. In this highly fireprone system, the oaks re-establish primarily by resprouting from large rhizomes, demobilization from belowground C stores may support fine roots and mycorrhizae for several years into stand re-establishment and, therefore, may explain why belowground tissues contain less of the new photosynthate than expected. Though it has been shown that long-term cycles of C storage are theoretically advantageous for plants in systems with frequent and severe disturbances, such patterns have not been previously examined in wild systems.

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“…Resprouting response of plants is an important evolutionary adaptation for survival in environments where aboveground disturbance causes damage to shoot tissue (Sakai et al 1997;Sakai and Sakai 1998;Baker et al 2005). Salix nigra Marshall is a vigorous resprouter with energy for resprouting response provided by mobilization of nonstructural carbohydrate reserves (NSC) which are end products of photosynthesis (Chapman 1992;Baker et al 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Responses of nonstructural carbohydrates to shoot removal and soil moisture treatments in Salix nigra

Carpenter

Pezeshki

Shields

2008

Trees

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Aboveground disturbances are common in dynamic riparian environments, and Salix nigra is well adapted with a vigorous resprouting response. Soil moisture stresses are also common, and S. nigra is flood tolerant and drought sensitive. The objective of this study was to quantify nonstructural carbohydrate (NSC) reserves in S. nigra following shoot removal and soil moisture treatments. NSC reserves provide energy for regeneration of shoot tissue until new functional leaves are developed. Three soil moisture treatments: well-watered (W), periodic flooding (F) and drought (D); and three shoot removal treatments: no shoots removed (R0), partial shoot removal (R1), and complete shoot removal (R2) were applied. Plants were harvested when new shoot development was observed (day 13). Statistical significance in the 3 9 3-factorial design was determined in two-factor ANOVA at P \ 0.05. Both roots and cuttings were important reservoirs for NSC during resprouting response, with decreases in root (31%) and cutting (14%) biomass in R2 compared to R0. Rapid recovery of photosynthetic surface area (from 15 to 37% of R0) was found in R1. A clear pattern of starch mobilization was found in roots in R0, R1 and R2, with lowest root starch concentration in W, F higher than W, and D higher than F. Shoot starch concentration was lower in F and D compared to W in R0, however, in R1 shoot starch was reduced in W compared to F and D, possibly indicating reduced rates of translocation during soil moisture stress. Evidence of osmotic adjustment was found in roots and shoots with higher total ethanol-soluble carbohydrates (TESC) during soil moisture stress in F and D treatments. Total plant NSC pool was greater in F and D treatments compared to W, and progressively reduced from R0 to R1 to R2. Results indicated negative effects of drought, and to a lesser extent periodic flooding on resprouting response in S. nigra, with implications for reduced survival when exposed to combined stresses of aboveground disturbance and soil moisture.

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Do Sprouting Tree Species on Erosion-prone Sites Carry Large Reserves of Resources?

Cited by 55 publications

References 34 publications

When sex is not enough: ecological correlates of resprouting capacity in congeneric tropical forest shrubs

When sex is not enough: ecological correlates of resprouting capacity in congeneric tropical forest shrubs

Extensive belowground carbon storage supports roots and mycorrhizae in regenerating scrub oaks

Responses of nonstructural carbohydrates to shoot removal and soil moisture treatments in Salix nigra

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