Do Semantic Expectations Arising From Masked Word Primes Aid Object Detection At The Earliest Level? Now You See It, Now You Don't

Skocypec, Rachel; Peterson, Mary A.

doi:10.1167/18.10.1321

Cited by 3 publications

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“…For example, object pairs positioned canonically (e.g., vase on top of a stand) or positioned to interact (e.g., corkscrew facing wine bottle) are perceptually grouped and result in more efficient visual processing. Similarly, objects are better recognized when supported by semantically coherent objects and scenes (Auckland et al, 2007; Biederman, 1972) or when preceded by a semantically related word (Skocypec & Peterson, 2018). Our findings extend these results by demonstrating that advantages derived from experienced likelihoods of real-word object co-occurrences during natural events are stronger than those from learned taxonomic relationships.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thematic object pairs produce stronger and faster grouping than taxonomic pairs.

Nah

Geng

2022

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Perfor

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Studies of visual object processing have long appreciated that semantic meaning is automatically extracted. However, “semantics” has largely been defined as a unitary concept that describes all meaning-based information. In contrast, the concept literature divides semantics into taxonomic and thematic types. Taxonomic relationships reflect categorization by similarities (e.g., dog—wolf); thematic groups are based on complementary relationships (e.g., swimsuit—goggles). Critically, thematic relationships are learned from the experienced co-occurrence of objects whereas taxonomic relationships are based on shared structural similarities. In two studies with adults (N = 66 Experiment 1; N = 44 Experiment 2), we test whether visual processing of thematic objects is more rapid because they form a perceptual unit and serve as mutual visual primes. The results demonstrate that visual processing benefits between thematically related objects are earlier than taxonomic ones, revealing a link between how information is acquired (e.g., experienced vs. unobserved) and how it modulates perception.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thematic object pairs produce stronger and faster grouping than taxonomic pairs.

Nah

Geng

2022

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Perfor

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“…For instance, the border could be perceived as a joint between two slanted surfaces, the boundary between two colored areas on a two-dimensional surface, or a shadow border). Figure assignment is archetypal object detection because before borders are assigned, patterns are present, but objects are not [ 12 , 31 , 32 , 33 ].…”

Section: The Present Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Semantic Expectation Effects on Object Detection: Using Figure Assignment to Elucidate Mechanisms

Skocypec

Peterson

2022

Vision

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Recent evidence suggesting that object detection is improved following valid rather than invalid labels implies that semantics influence object detection. It is not clear, however, whether the results index object detection or feature detection. Further, because control conditions were absent and labels and objects were repeated multiple times, the mechanisms are unknown. We assessed object detection via figure assignment, whereby objects are segmented from backgrounds. Masked bipartite displays depicting a portion of a mono-oriented object (a familiar configuration) on one side of a central border were shown once only for 90 or 100 ms. Familiar configuration is a figural prior. Accurate detection was indexed by reports of an object on the familiar configuration side of the border. Compared to control experiments without labels, valid labels improved accuracy and reduced response times (RTs) more for upright than inverted objects (Studies 1 and 2). Invalid labels denoting different superordinate-level objects (DSC; Study 1) or same superordinate-level objects (SSC; Study 2) reduced accuracy for upright displays only. Orientation dependency indicates that effects are mediated by activated object representations rather than features which are invariant over orientation. Following invalid SSC labels (Study 2), accurate detection RTs were longer than control for both orientations, implicating conflict between semantic representations that had to be resolved before object detection. These results demonstrate that object detection is not just affected by semantics, it entails semantics.

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Past experience and meaning affect object detection: A hierarchical Bayesian approach

Peterson

2019

Psychology of Learning and Motivation

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Do Semantic Expectations Arising From Masked Word Primes Aid Object Detection At The Earliest Level? Now You See It, Now You Don't

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

Thematic object pairs produce stronger and faster grouping than taxonomic pairs.

Thematic object pairs produce stronger and faster grouping than taxonomic pairs.

Semantic Expectation Effects on Object Detection: Using Figure Assignment to Elucidate Mechanisms

Past experience and meaning affect object detection: A hierarchical Bayesian approach

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