“…The first is analyzing the effect of CEO or other senior leaders on CP from the individual level. The main factors studied include gender, personality of the leader, professional background, social connections, discretion, and values ( Campbell et al, 1999 ; Williams, 2003 ; Zhang et al, 2021 ). The second examines the factors that affect CP from the perspective of enterprise characteristics, which include corporate property rights, resources, size, debt ratio, advertising expenditure, geographic location, labor intensity, culture, R&D intensity and corporate history etc.…”