“…Although, starting from Bacon (1991), there have been many contributions addressing how downstream prices respond to increases in upstream prices (see, among others, Al-Gudhea et al, 2007;Balke et al, 1998;Borenstein et al, 1997;Brown and Yücel, 2000;Douglas, 2010;Galeotti et al, 2003;Godby et al, 2000;Grasso and Manera, 2007), little is known about the forecasting performance of reducedform econometric models incorporating RFH from crude oil to gasoline. As pointed out by Bachmeier and Griffin (2003), if gasoline prices respond asymmetrically to crude oil price variations, asymmetric cointegration models should produce more accurate forecasts than the symmetric Error Correction Model (ECM).…”