Do psychiatric patients experience more psychiatric symptoms during COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown? A case-control study with service and research implications for immunopsychiatry

Hao, Fengyi; Tan, Wanqiu; Jiang, Li; Zhang, Ling; Zhao, Xinling; Zou, Yiran; Hu, Yirong; Luo, Xi; Jiang, Xiaojiang; McIntyre, Roger S.; Tran, Bach Xuan; Sun, Jiaqian; Zhang, Zhisong; Ho, Roger; Ho, Cyrus S.H.; Tam, Wilson Wai San

doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2020.04.069

Cited by 886 publications

(993 citation statements)

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“…The DASS-21 evaluates the general distress on a tripartite model of psychopathology [49] and is a reliable and valid measure in assessing mental health in the general population [50], which has been already adopted in previous research on SARS [51] and COVID-19 [14,52]. The DASS consists of 21 items grouped in three subscales: depression, anxiety, and stress.…”

Section: Assessment Toolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The score at the DASS-depression subscale (e.g., "I felt that I had nothing to look forward to") is divided into normal (0-9), mild (10)(11)(12), moderate (13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20), severe (21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27), and extremely severe depression (28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34)(35)(36)(37)(38)(39)(40)(41)(42). The score at the DASS-anxiety subscale (e.g., "I was worried about situations in which I might panic and make a fool of myself") is divided into normal (0-6), mild (7-9), moderate (10)(11)(12)(13)(14), severe (15)(16)(17)(18)(19), and extremely severe anxiety . The score at the DASS-stress subscale (e.g., "I tended to over-react to situations") is divided into normal (0-10), mild (11)(12)(13)…”

Section: Assessment Toolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, the pandemic represents a traumatic event which has differential effects at individual and population levels. At the individual level, high rates of depression, anxiety, fear, panic, anger, and insomnia have been documented in studies mainly carried out in China or from short-term reports [12][13][14]. At the population level, the pandemic is associated with a range of psychosocial adversities, including economic hardship and financial losses (due to unemployment and reduced income), school closures, inadequate resources for medical response, domestic violence, and deficient distribution of basic good necessities [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of the lockdown on the mental health of the general population during the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy: Results from the COMET collaborative network

et al. 2020

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Background. The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is an unprecedented traumatic event influencing the healthcare, economic, and social welfare systems worldwide. In order to slow the infection rates, lockdown has been implemented almost everywhere. Italy, one of the countries most severely affected, entered the "lockdown" on March 8, 2020. Methods. The COvid Mental hEalth Trial (COMET) network includes 10 Italian university sites and the National Institute of Health. The whole study has three different phases. The first phase includes an online survey conducted between March and May 2020 in the Italian population. Recruitment took place through email invitation letters, social media, mailing lists of universities, national medical associations, and associations of stakeholders (e.g., associations of users/ carers). In order to evaluate the impact of lockdown on depressive, anxiety and stress symptoms, multivariate linear regression models were performed, weighted for the propensity score. Results. The final sample consisted of 20,720 participants. Among them, 12.4% of respondents (N = 2,555) reported severe or extremely severe levels of depressive symptoms, 17.6% (N = 3,627) of anxiety symptoms and 41.6% (N = 8,619) reported to feel at least moderately stressed by the situation at the DASS-21. According to the multivariate regression models, the depressive, anxiety and stress symptoms significantly worsened from the week April 9-15 to the week April 30 to May 4 (p < 0.0001). Moreover, female respondents and people with pre-existing mental health problems were at higher risk of developing severe depression and anxiety symptoms (p < 0.0001). Conclusions. Although physical isolation and lockdown represent essential public health measures for containing the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic, they are a serious threat for mental health and well-being of the general population. As an integral part of COVID-19 response, mental health needs should be addressed.

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Section: Assessment Toolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Assessment Toolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of the lockdown on the mental health of the general population during the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy: Results from the COMET collaborative network

et al. 2020

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“…Individuals with psychiatric conditions are recognized as those most severely impacted by the psychosocial effects of the pandemic [136][137][138] and, due to the existing association between psychiatric disorders and health risk behaviours (e.g., smoking, obesity, alcohol use, low adherence to precautionary measures), they are also at increased risk of infection and its complications. Outreach interventions and a closer follow-up of patients with severe psychiatric disorders may allow to enhance treatment adherence and to timely identify and intervene on psychiatric emergencies.…”

Section: Interventions For Vulnerable Groupsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adaptation of evidence‐based suicide prevention strategies during and after theCOVID‐19 pandemic

et al. 2020

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Suicide is preventable. Nevertheless, each year 800,000 people die of suicide in the world. While there is evidence indicating that suicide rates de‐crease during times of crises, they are expected to increase once the immediate crisis has passed. The COVID‐19 pandemic affects risk and pro‐tective factors for suicide at each level of the socio‐ecological model. Economic downturn, augmented barriers to accessing health care, increased access to suicidal means, inappropriate media reporting at the societal level; deprioritization of mental health and preventive activities at the community level; interpersonal conflicts, neglect and violence at the relationship level; unemployment, poverty, loneliness and hopelessness at the individual level: all these variables contribute to an increase of depression, anxiety, post‐traumatic stress disorder, harmful use of alcohol, substance abuse, and ultimately suicide risk. Suicide should be prevented by strengthening universal strategies directed to the entire population, including mitigation of unemployment, poverty and inequalities; prioritization of access to mental health care; responsible media reporting, with information about available support; prevention of increased alcohol intake; and restriction of access to lethal means of suicide. Selective interventions should continue to target known vulnerable groups who are socio‐economically disadvantaged, but also new ones such as first responders and health care staff, and the bereaved by COVID‐19 who have been deprived of the final contact with loved ones and funerals. Indicated preventive strategies targeting individuals who display suicidal behaviour should focus on available pharmacological and psychological treatments of mental disorders, ensuring proper follow‐up and chain of care by increased use of telemedicine and other digital means. The scientific community, health care professionals, politicians and decision‐makers will find in this paper a systematic description of the effects of the pandemic on suicide risk at the society, community, family and individual levels, and an overview of how evidence‐based suicide preventive interventions should be adapted. Research is needed to investigate which adaptations are effective and in which con‐texts.

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“…Im Gegensatz dazu steht der Befund einer jüngst vorgelegten Untersuchung aus dem Vereinigten Königreich, die für den April 2020 gegenüber Vorerhebungen aus den Jahren 2017-2019 einen signifikanten Anstieg psychischer Beschwerden in der Allgemeinbevölkerung fand [11]. Die spezifischen Auswirkungen von Pandemie und Lockdown auf das Wohlbefinden psychiatrischer Patienten schließlich untersuchten Hao et al [12], die in einer in China durchgeführten Untersuchung fanden, dass Kontrollpersonen in den ersten Wochen der Pandemie weniger stark psychisch belastet waren; allerdings konnten die Autoren in ihrer Querschnitterhebung nicht nachweisen, dass dieser Befund ein Ergebnis von Pandemie und Lockdown sind.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Teilhabemöglichkeit, Partizipation, Inklusion und psychisches Befinden im Zusammenhang mit Ausgangsbeschränkungen aufgrund SARS-CoV-2

Schützwohl

Mergel

2020

Psychiatr Prax

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Zusammenfassung Ziel der Studie Untersuchung der Auswirkungen der Coronapandemie und der in diesem Zusammenhang ausgesprochenen Ausgangsbeschränkungen auf Teilhabemöglichkeiten, Partizipation, Inklusionserleben und psychisches Befinden bei Personen, die sich mit Blick auf das Vorliegen einer akuten oder chronischen psychischen Störung unterschiedlichen Gruppen zuordnen lassen. Methodik Follow-up-Erhebung mittels Fragebogen zur Erfassung von Partizipation und sozialer Inklusion (F-INK), Index zur Messung von Einschränkungen der Teilhabe (IMET) und BSI-18 (n = 132). Ergebnisse In Abhängigkeit vom Vorliegen einer akuten oder chronischen psychischen Störung waren die Studienteilnehmer in ihren Teilhabemöglichkeiten sehr unterschiedlich betroffen. In keiner der untersuchten Gruppen kam es zu einem Anstieg psychischer Beschwerden. Schlussfolgerung Es fand sich kein Hinweis dafür, dass es zu Beginn der Coronapandemie und im Zusammenhang mit einer vierwöchigen Ausgangsbeschränkung zu negativen psychischen Folgen kam.

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Do psychiatric patients experience more psychiatric symptoms during COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown? A case-control study with service and research implications for immunopsychiatry

Cited by 886 publications

References 34 publications

Effects of the lockdown on the mental health of the general population during the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy: Results from the COMET collaborative network

Effects of the lockdown on the mental health of the general population during the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy: Results from the COMET collaborative network

Adaptation of evidence‐based suicide prevention strategies during and after theCOVID‐19 pandemic

Teilhabemöglichkeit, Partizipation, Inklusion und psychisches Befinden im Zusammenhang mit Ausgangsbeschränkungen aufgrund SARS-CoV-2

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