Do proton pump inhibitors influence SARS-CoV-2 related outcomes? A meta-analysis

Proton pump inhibitor or famotidine use and severe COVID-19 disease: a propensity score-matched territory-wide study

“…1 2 In the meta-analysis, the authors found that current or regular PPI users were more likely to have severe outcomes of COVID-19 than non-users, but no significant association was observed for previous PPI use. 2 The reason may be reduced secretion of gastric acid that can neutralise the SARS-CoV-2. By contrast, the use of famotidine, another medication for gastric ulcers or gastrooesophageal reflux disease, was associated with better clinical outcomes in some studies, 3 4 but not others.…”

Will Proton Pump Inhibitors Lead to a Higher Risk of COVID-19 Infection and Progression to Severe Disease? A Meta-analysis

“…Overall, this meta-analysis included a total of fourteen original studies. Two original studies from a previous meta-analysis [22] were excluded as they did not meet our inclusion criteria. In the study conducted by Yan et al [23] , the exposure for patients is acid-suppression drugs instead of PPI only, which may result in bias and obscure the result since acid-suppression drugs include not only PPIs proton pump but also other classes of medications, such as histamine receptor blockers.…”

“…In the study conducted by Yan et al [23] , the exposure for patients is acid-suppression drugs instead of PPI only, which may result in bias and obscure the result since acid-suppression drugs include not only PPIs proton pump but also other classes of medications, such as histamine receptor blockers. Moreover, Li et al [22] categorized Almitrine from the study conducted by Losser et al [24] as PPI, however, Almitrine is not PPI but a respiratory stimulant [25] . We performed analysis based on four different clinical outcomes.…”

“…Despite some of these limitations, the strengths of this study must be mentioned: First, no obvious publication bias in our study was detected. Second, compared with the previous meta-analysis, we included more literature and have more comprehensive subgroup analyses on different outcome index [22,26,35] .…”

Proton pump inhibitors and the risk of severe COVID-19: a post-hoc analysis from the Korean nationwide cohort

“…2 5-7 We agree that our data must be interpreted with caution since our cohort was made up only of Asian patients and since Asians have a higher prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection, which might have influenced the effect of PPIs as well as the susceptibility to virus infection. [7][8][9] Further international collaborative studies with multiethnicities are warranted to clarify this issue.…”