Do Oral Carotenoids Protect Human Skin Against Ultraviolet Erythema, Psoralen Phototoxicity, and Ultraviolet-Induced DNA Damage?

Wolf, C.; Steiner, Andreas; Hönigsmann, Herbert

doi:10.1111/1523-1747.ep12462564

Cited by 78 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The evaluation of a large number of associations could cause that significant results are chance findings. Previous intervention studies showed both positive effects of supplementation of either b-carotene or a combination of carotenoids on UV sensitivity (MathewsRoth et al, 1972;Gollnick et al, 1996;Lee et al, 2000;Stahl et al, 2000) or no effect on UV sensitivity (Wolf et al, 1988;Garmyn et al, 1995). The duration of the supplementation might be an important factor.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The results of these studies were, however, inconclusive and contradictory (La Ruche and Cesarini, 1991;Werninghaus et al, 1994;Garmyn et al, 1995;Gollnick et al, 1996;Eberlein-König et al, 1998;Fuchs & Kern, 1998;Wolf et al, 1988;Lee et al, 2000;Stahl et al, 2000). Moreover, all these studies used synthetic (pure) compounds in relatively high dosages compared to the normal physiological range of vitamins and carotenoids.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Determinants of skin sensitivity to solar irradiation

et al. 2003

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Background: Acute effects of UV irradiation include UV-induced erythema. Sunlight plays an important role in the development of skin cancer. Several predictive factors of UV-induced erythema could also be predictive for skin cancer. Objective: Our objective was to quantitatively assess phenotypical and nutritional determinants of sensitivity to UV irradiation, as assessed by the minimal erythema dose (MED). Design: We conducted a cross-sectional study among 335 volunteers. Sensitivity to UV irradiation was established through assessment of the MED. Phenotypical determinants, including skin melanin content, hair color and iris color were determined by skin reflectance spectrometry, a subjective questionnaire and an objective classification system, respectively. Furthermore, dietary exposure was measured by carotenoids, vitamin C, retinol and a-tocopherol in serum. Results: Male subjects were found to be more sensitive to UV irradiation; that is, the MED was significantly lower compared to female subjects. Skin melanin content, which was positively associated with iris color in both sexes and with hair color in men, was the main phenotypical determinant of sensitivity to UV irradiation. No associations were found between serum carotenoids and MED in the total study group. Vitamin C was inversely associated with MED. However, associations between carotenoids concentrations and MED showed a positive trend in subjects with melanin values above and a negative trend in subjects below the median after adjustment for gender and total cholesterol. Conclusions: Skin melanin content and gender are important determinants of sensitivity to UV irradiation. No relation was found between serum carotenoids and MED in the total study group. The inverse association between vitamin C and MED was against our hypothesis. For the modifying effect of melanin on the association between carotenoids and MED, we do not have a clear biological explanation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determinants of skin sensitivity to solar irradiation

et al. 2003

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“…In studies documenting protection against UV-induced erythema, supplementation with carotenoids lasted for at least seven weeks, and the dose was at least a total of 12 mg of carotenoids per day (68,80,96,102,143). In studies reporting no protective effects the treatment period was only three to four weeks (62,173). No statistically significant change in the light sensitivity was found when a mixture of antioxidants with about 5 mg β-carotene per day and some additional lycopene was ingested (74).…”

Section: Dietary Supplementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutritional Protection Against Skin Damage From Sunlight

2004

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▪ Abstract The concept of systemic photoprotection by dietary means is gaining momentum. Skin is continuously exposed to ultraviolet (UV) radiation, the major cause of skin disorders such as sunburn, photodamage, and nonmelanoma skin cancer. Most of the erythemal annual UV dose is encountered under nonvacation conditions, when no sunscreen is applied. In the absence of topically added compounds, skin protection depends solely on endogenous defense. Micronutrients can act as UV absorbers, as antioxidants, or can modulate signaling pathways elicited upon UV exposure. UV-induced erythema is a suitable parameter to assess photoprotection. Dietary protection is provided by carotenoids, tocopherols, ascorbate, flavonoids, or n-3 fatty acids, contributing to maintenance resistance as part of lifelong protection.

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“…Moreover, it was used to reduce skin toxicity secondary to chemoradiation in patients with breast cancer [110,[116][117][118]. However, skin photoprotective effects determined by erythema, were only observed following at least 10 weeks of oral supplementation of several carotene including lycopene [60,112,114,[119][120][121][122][123]. Vitamin C and vitamin E have provided photoprotection against UVB-induced damage including reduced sunburn reaction and thymine dimers in human skin [124,125].…”

Section: Can Skin Redox Balance Be Efficiently Affected By Exogenous mentioning

confidence: 99%

Skin Redox Balance Maintenance: The Need for an Nrf2-Activator Delivery System

et al. 2016

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Abstract:The skin, being the largest organ of the body, functions as a barrier between our body and the environment. It is consistently exposed to various exogenous and endogenous stressors (e.g., air pollutants, ionizing and non-ionizing irradiation, toxins, mitochondrial metabolism, enzyme activity, inflammatory process, etc.) producing reactive oxygen species (ROS) and physical damage (e.g., wounds, sunburns) also resulting in reactive oxygen species production. Although skin is equipped with an array of defense mechanisms to counteract reactive oxygen species, augmented exposure and continued reactive oxygen species might result in excessive oxidative stress leading to many skin disorders including inflammatory diseases, pigmenting disorders and some types of cutaneous malignancy. The nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is an emerging regulator of cellular resistance and of defensive enzymes such as the phase II enzymes. Induction of the Keap1-Nrf2 pathway may have a beneficial effect in the treatment of a large number of skin disorders by stimulating an endogenous defense mechanism. However, prolonged and enhanced activation of this pathway is detrimental and, thus, limits the therapeutic potential of Keap1-Nrf2 modulators. Here, we review the consequences of oxidative stress to the skin, and the defense mechanisms that skin is equipped with. We describe the challenges of maintaining skin redox balance and its impact on skin status and function. Finally, we suggest a novel strategy for maintenance of skin redox homeostasis by modulating the Keap1-Nrf2 pathway using nanotechnology-based delivery systems.

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Do Oral Carotenoids Protect Human Skin Against Ultraviolet Erythema, Psoralen Phototoxicity, and Ultraviolet-Induced DNA Damage?

Cited by 78 publications

References 19 publications

Determinants of skin sensitivity to solar irradiation

Determinants of skin sensitivity to solar irradiation

Nutritional Protection Against Skin Damage From Sunlight

Skin Redox Balance Maintenance: The Need for an Nrf2-Activator Delivery System

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