Do neuroticism and conscientiousness interact with health conditions in predicting 4-year changes in self-rated health among Swedish older adults?

Henning, Georg; Berg, Anne Ingeborg; Cengia, Anja; Hansson, Isabelle; Spuling, Svenja M.; Wettstein, Markus

doi:10.1037/pag0000626

Cited by 10 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 98 publications

(155 reference statements)

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“…Subjective cognitive decline has been associated with higher levels of neuroticism, 30 which has in turn been associated with a poorer perception of one’s own health. 31 In objectively ill individuals, neuroticism increases the impact of pain and functional limitations on self-assessed health. 31 Thus, it is likely that the health-related limitations felt by SCD individuals in our study are the result of negatively biased self-evaluation rather than objective causes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quality of Life in People With Subjective Cognitive Decline

Pavel¹,

Paun²,

Matei³

et al. 2023

ALPHA PSYCHIATRY

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Objective: Quality of life is extensively studied in older persons, but there are few studies that investigate it in people with subjective cognitive decline. Our aim was to evaluate the quality of life in a Romanian sample of individuals with subjective cognitive decline compared to controls while accounting for different possible moderators. To our knowledge, this is the first study to evaluate the quality of life in a Romanian subjective cognitive decline sample. Methods: We conducted an observational study to evaluate differences in the quality of life between subjective cognitive decline and controls. Participants were evaluated for subjective cognitive decline according to Jessen et al. We collected sociodemographic and clinical characteristics and information about physical activity. Quality of life was evaluated using the Short Form-36 questionnaire. Results: There were 101 participants included in the analysis with 66.33% (n = 67) in the subjective cognitive decline group. There were no differences between the social, demographic, and clinical characteristics of the individuals. The subjective cognitive decline group had a higher score on the negative emotion trait of Big Five. Individuals with subjective cognitive decline reported poorer physical functioning ( P = .034), more role limitations due to physical health ( P = .010) and emotional problems ( P = .019), and less energy ( P = .018) compared to the control group. Conclusion: Persons with subjective cognitive decline reported diminished quality of life compared to controls and differences were not explained by other sociodemographic and clinical characteristics evaluated. This area could prove to be an important target for nonpharmacological interventions in the subjective cognitive decline group.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quality of Life in People With Subjective Cognitive Decline

Pavel¹,

Paun²,

Matei³

et al. 2023

ALPHA PSYCHIATRY

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“…In this study, we will focus on two of the Big Five traits, namely neuroticism and extraversion. Whereas, higher neuroticism is associated with worse health outcomes, such as poorer self-rated (83)(84)(85) or physician-rated health (86,87), associations of extraversion with health outcomes are positive (88)(89)(90).…”

Section: The Role Of Personality For Pain In Advanced Old Agementioning

confidence: 99%

“…For instance, among those older individuals who score higher on neuroticism, sensory impairments are more closely associated with lower cognitive abilities and higher risk of cognitive decline ( 95 , 96 ) as well as of functional ability decline ( 97 ). Also, the association of pain, e.g., with less favorable self-evaluations of health, seems to be more negative among individuals who score higher on neuroticism ( 83 ). In contrast, higher extraversion is related with active coping strategies ( 98 ), such as social support seeking, problem-focused coping or positive reappraisal ( 92 , 99 ).…”

Section: Trajectories Of Pain In Very Old Age: the Role Of Eudaimonic...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Trajectories of Pain in Very Old Age: The Role of Eudaimonic Wellbeing and Personality

2022

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Pain is common in very old age and in the last years prior to death. However, little is known regarding longitudinal trajectories of pain in very old age and at the end of life. Moreover, whereas medical and morbidity-related factors contributing to pain are established, the role of psychosocial factors, such as eudaimonic wellbeing or personality as potential determinants of late-life pain trajectories has so far not been sufficiently investigated. We used data from the LateLine project. The sample consisted of n = 118 very old adults (M = 90.5 years, SD = 2.8 years) who were living alone at baseline and who had died between 2009 and 2021. They took part in up to 16 measurement occasions (M = 5.2, SD = 4.7, range 1–16) within an observational interval of 7 years. Assessment of pain was based on the SF-36 bodily pain subscale. Key indicators of eudaimonic wellbeing (autonomy, environmental mastery, and purpose in life) as well two of the Big Five personality traits (neuroticism and extraversion) were included as predictors. We controlled in all analyses for gender, education, subjective health, and depressive symptoms. Contrasting pain trajectories over chronological age (time since birth) vs. time to death, a time-to-death-related model resulted in a better model fit and accounted for a larger amount of pain variability than the age-related model. Mean-level change in pain, both over age and time to death, was not significant, but there was substantial interindividual variability in intraindividual trajectories. Age-related change in pain was significantly predicted by autonomy and neuroticism, with increasing pain among those who had lower initial autonomy scores and higher initial neuroticism scores. With regard to time-to-death-related trajectories of pain, higher purpose in life as well as lower extraversion at baseline predicted less increase or even steeper decrease in pain with approaching death. Our findings suggest that, despite overall mean-level stability in pain both over age and time to death, there is a substantial proportion of individuals who reveal deterioration in pain over time. Regarding the role of psychosocial predictors, personality traits and eudaimonic wellbeing are related with late-life pain trajectories both over age and time-to-death.

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“…However, following the principles of multidimensionality and multidirectionaliy of life span development in general ( 15 ), it is very plausible that gains and losses of the different AARC subdomains also differ with regard to (direction and rate of) change. For instance, health and (fluid) cognitive abilities typically decline with advancing age ( 39 – 44 ), which might result in an age-related increase in perceived AARC losses in these domains. At the same time, more differentiation might be needed, as crystallized cognitive abilities, unlike fluid ones, remain stable or even increase from midlife on and do not decline before very old age [e.g., ( 45 , 46 )].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Awareness of Age-Related Changes Among Middle-Aged and Older Adults: Longitudinal Trajectories, and the Role of Age Stereotypes and Personality Traits

2022

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Awareness of Age-Related Change (AARC) describes to what extent people become aware of changes which they attribute to getting older. So far little is known regarding how different AARC dimensions change over time, to what extent these changes in different domains of AARC gains and losses are interrelated, and which predictors account for inter-individual differences in within-person longitudinal trajectories. Specifically, the extent to which individuals perceive age-related gains and losses might be shaped by their chronological age, their personality as well as by their general views on aging (i.e., their age stereotypes). We investigated changes in global and domain-specific AARC gains and losses over about five years in a sample of originally N = 423 participants aged 40 to 98 years at baseline. We analyzed the role of personality traits and age stereotypes for levels and changes of AARC, taking into account participants' age at baseline and controlling for gender, education, and subjective health. Based on longitudinal multilevel regression models, we observed mean-level declines in most AARC gain domains. In contrast, perceived general AARC losses, as well as AARC losses in health and physical functioning, in cognitive functioning and in social-cognitive/socio-emotional functioning remained, on average, stable over time. Baseline scores on AARC gains (global scale) were higher among individuals with higher neuroticism, openness, conscientiousness and more positive age stereotypes. Additionally, the association of higher neuroticism with higher AARC gain scores was stronger among individuals with more positive age stereotypes. Higher neuroticism and more negative age stereotypes also predicted higher baseline scores on AARC losses (global scale). At the same time, higher neuroticism was associated with a steeper decrease in AARC loss perceptions over time. Most of the intercorrelations within the intercepts and within the intra-individual trajectories of the different AARC domains were positive, but small in size. Our findings show the importance of considering trajectories of age-related gains and losses in parallel and across multiple developmental domains when investigating the subjective perception of the aging process. They also suggest that personality traits and general age stereotypes are related with individual experiences of aging.

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Do neuroticism and conscientiousness interact with health conditions in predicting 4-year changes in self-rated health among Swedish older adults?

Cited by 10 publications

References 98 publications

Quality of Life in People With Subjective Cognitive Decline

Quality of Life in People With Subjective Cognitive Decline

Trajectories of Pain in Very Old Age: The Role of Eudaimonic Wellbeing and Personality

Awareness of Age-Related Changes Among Middle-Aged and Older Adults: Longitudinal Trajectories, and the Role of Age Stereotypes and Personality Traits

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