“…Thus, our turtles seem to have an increase in NAb, B-1-like immunity with age, but the specific, B-2-like response to LPS was not significantly impacted by age. While an increase in NAbs with age has been reported in mammals, birds and reptiles (Candore et al, 1997;Parmentier et ., 2004;Benatuil et al, 2008;Sparkman and Palacios, 2009;Ujvari and Madsen, 2011), studies in these same taxa have also reported a decrease in specific antibodies with age (Ujvari and Madsen, 2005;Lavoie, 2006;Frasca et al, 2008;Ujvari and Madsen, 2011). These studies on specific immune responses include a wide range of both T-dependent and T-independent antigens, including LPS.…”