Do modes of transportation and GPS affect cognitive maps of Londoners?

Minaei, Negin

doi:10.1016/j.tra.2014.10.008

Cited by 12 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…4 However, research elsewhere in applied cognition has found that even pristinely accurate digital tools can disrupt user cognition. For example, use of global positioning software can disrupt participants’ cognitive map formation, leading to poorer wayfinding later without such software compared to those who learned topographies through experience alone (Ishikawa et al, 2008 ; Minaei, 2014 ). Both this set of findings and our own imply that domain-specific digital tools may aid those using them in the moment, but may deleteriously affect learning.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

When experience does not promote expertise: security professionals fail to detect low prevalence fake IDs

2021

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Professional screeners frequently verify photograph IDs in such industries as professional security, bar tending, and sales of age-restricted materials. Moreover, security screening is a vital tool for law enforcement in the search for missing or wanted persons. Nevertheless, previous research demonstrates that novice participants fail to spot fake IDs when they are rare (i.e., the low prevalence effect; LPE). To address whether this phenomenon also occurs with professional screeners, we conducted three experiments. Experiment 1 compared security professional and non-professionals. Experiment 2 compared bar-security professionals, access-security professionals, and non-professionals. Finally, Experiment 3 added a newly created Professional Identity Training Questionnaire to determine whether and how aspects of professionals’ employment predict ID-matching accuracy. Across all three experiments, all participants were susceptible to the LPE regardless of professional status. Neither length/type of professional experience nor length/type of training experience affected ID verification performance. We discuss task performance and survey responses with aims to acknowledge and address this potential problem in real-world screening scenarios.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

When experience does not promote expertise: security professionals fail to detect low prevalence fake IDs

2021

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“…Here, the issue is to what extent the GPS device enables an agent to learn how to get around in their local environment without the agent being so reliant on the device that they fail to build up a sufficiently robust cognitive map. The evidence collected by Minaei (2014) and others, discussed above, implies that those who remain too reliant on the device and do not develop a certain level of intellectual autonomy have the worst cognitive maps. But in order for cognitive diligence to operate in this fashion the agents must have a requisite level of wayfinding skills -i.e.…”

Section: Cognitive Diligence In Epistemic Practicesmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…There is no need to have any coordination to an internal cognitive map (and as we shall see shortly below in Section 3.3, this is having an impact on the user's memory). We can characterise this difference in information processing as a contrast between active and passive roles for the epistemic agent (also see Li, Zhu, Zhang, Wu, & Zhang, 2013;Minaei, 2014). By altering how information is processed in regards to the core epistemic tasks of spatial cognition, GPS devices have transformed human cognition.…”

Section: Gps Devicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

How navigation systems transform epistemic virtues: Knowledge, issues and solutions

Gillett

Heersmink

2019

Cognitive Systems Research

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In this paper, we analyse how GPS-based navigation systems are transforming some of our intellectual virtues and then suggest two strategies to improve our practices regarding the use of such epistemic tools. We start by outlining the two main approaches in virtue epistemology, namely virtue reliabilism and virtue responsibilism. We then discuss how navigation systems can undermine five epistemic virtues, namely memory, perception, attention, intellectual autonomy, and intellectual carefulness. We end by considering two possible interlinked ways of trying to remedy this situation: [i] redesigning the epistemic tool to improve the epistemic virtues of memory, perception, and attention; and [ii] the cultivation of cognitive diligence for wayfinding tasks scaffolding intellectual autonomy and carefulness.

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“…To date, the question of how individuals' mental maps and familiar areas affect their decision-making and choice processes with regards to travel, remains unanswered (Minaei, 2014;Mondschein et al, 2010). It has been suggested that individuals have different spacetime environments, given different sets of constraints on satisfying their needs and organising their activities, resulting in different experiences in relation to their environment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Understanding these would provide further insight about the relationships between individuals’ spatial cognition, and their travel choices with regards to route, destination, and mode of transport (Golledge and Garling, 2002; Hannes et al., 2008; Mondschein et al., 2006; Susilo and Dijst, 2009, 2010). Thus, from city planning perspective, this insight can be used to build an urban environment with a suitable transport structure and adequate environmental signals that can provide people with a clearer vision of the city and a greater capacity to navigate smoothly through it (Jackson and Kitchin, 1998; Minaei, 2014). From modelling perspectives, the inclusion of individuals’ familiar areas will help to improve accuracy of travel demand models by delineating individuals’ alternatives and destination choice sets that play a role in their travel decision-making processes (Chorus and Timmermans, 2010; Hannes et al., 2010; Janssens et al., 2003), thus minimising the heterogeneity issue in the models.To contribute to this particular research gap, this paper aims to investigate the factors that may influence individuals’ familiarity with areas, and also to explore how individuals’ familiar areas change over time, using four waves of two-week observations (eight weeks of panel data, in total).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

What construct one’s familiar area? A quantitative and longitudinal study

Zhang

Termida

Susilo

2017

Environment and Planning B: Urban Analytics and City Science

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There is a lack of understanding of how certain characteristics of the urban environment influence an individual’s spatial cognition and familiarity with surrounding areas, and, subsequently, their travel behaviours and how these change over time. This paper aims to address this research gap in exploring the dynamics of individuals’ spatial cognitions by observing the changes of respondents’ familiar areas over time, and investigating the possible determinants that constitute respondents’ familiar areas. Panel data, containing two-week travel diaries and maps of familiar areas, were collected in four different waves over a seven-month period for 55 individuals in Stockholm, Sweden. The reported familiar areas for each individual were digitised into quantifiable variable form and further analysed by applying dynamic binary probit and linear regression models. The results show that, while familiar area is largely influenced by one’s previous knowledge of the area, it is also continuously corrected by events in between. Different land use characteristics have different impacts on different social groups’ travel patterns, thus contributing to the variability in the size of one’s familiar areas.

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Do modes of transportation and GPS affect cognitive maps of Londoners?

Cited by 12 publications

References 56 publications

When experience does not promote expertise: security professionals fail to detect low prevalence fake IDs

When experience does not promote expertise: security professionals fail to detect low prevalence fake IDs

How navigation systems transform epistemic virtues: Knowledge, issues and solutions

What construct one’s familiar area? A quantitative and longitudinal study

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