“…First, as discussed earlier, rivals' IPO suspensions will reduce the competitive threat of incumbents. Successful IPO provides issuing firms competitive advantages over incumbents, such as relaxed financial constraints, greater investment flexibility, enhanced product credibility, and reduced information asymmetry (e.g., Chemmanur et al, 2010; Chen et al, 2020; Hsu et al, 2010; Liu and Ritter, 2011; Ritter, 2011; Shi et al, 2018; Yan & Wang, 2021). During a competitor's listing process, incumbents may face changing expectations about when the rival firm could be listed and the probability of an imminent competitive threat.…”