Do Local Factors Explain Local Employment Growth? Evidence from Canada, 1971–2001

Shearmur, Richard; Polèse, Mario

doi:10.1080/00343400600928269

Cited by 54 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Given these arguments, which are principally drawn from classic location theory and quantitative economic geography of the 1960s and 1970s (Dicken and Lloyd 1990), it is not a forgone conclusion that a city's particular factor endowment or institutional context will influence its development trajectory. Indeed, Shearmur and Polèse (2007) show that in Canada geo‐structural factors have a stronger influence over development outcomes than local factors.…”

Section: Other Factors Of Regional Growthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does local technological innovation lead to local development? A policy perspective

Shearmur¹,

Bonnet²

2011

Regional Science Policy & Practice

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Much recent work on innovation and regions takes as a starting point Marshallian districts, variously updated by concepts such as clusters, regional innovation systems and learning regions. The basic premise is that certain regional dynamics are conducive to innovation. This work has inspired regional development agencies, which regularly implement local innovation policies with the hope of stimulating local economic development. However, we argue in this paper that there is no necessary connection between local innovativeness and local development: indeed, it is quite possible that innovation in region A leads to growth (of employment and income) in region B, particularly if region B is better suited to developing the economic potential of innovations. In this paper the conceptual underpinnings of this argument are developed, and an exploratory empirical analysis undertaken. Using Canadian data (patent applications and census data for 203 urban labour markets) this paper explores whether there is a connection between local applications and local employment and income growth. The results show that there is virtually no connection between local innovation (as measured by local applications) and local development, and that local development is closely connected with access to markets, local industrial structure and wider‐scale regional factors. Resumen. Muchos de los estudios recientes sobre innovación y regiones toman como punto de partida los distritos industriales de Marshall, actualizados de varias formas por conceptos tales como los conglomerados, los sistemas de innovación regional y las regiones de aprendizaje. La premisa básica es que ciertas dinámicas regionales conllevan innovación. Este trabajo ha inspirado a agencias de desarrollo regional, que regularmente implementan políticas locales de innovación con la esperanza de estimular el desarrollo económico local. Sin embargo, nuestro argumento en este artículo es que no hay necesariamente una conexión entre la innovación local y el desarrollo local: de hecho, es bastante posible que la innovación en la región A provoque un crecimiento (del empleo y los ingresos) en la región B, especialmente si la región B está mejor adaptada al desarrollo del potencial económico de las innovaciones. En este artículo se desarrollan los fundamentos conceptuales de este argumento, y se realiza un análisis empírico preliminar. Mediante el uso de datos de Canadá (solicitudes de patentes y datos censuales de 203 mercados laborales urbanos), este artículo explora la posible conexión entre las solicitudes locales y el crecimiento local en empleo e ingresos. Los resultados muestran que virtualmente no hay conexión entre la innovación local (medida en forma de solicitudes locales) y el desarrollo local, y que el desarrollo local está estrechamente relacionado con el acceso a los mercados, la estructura industrial local y factores regionales de gran escala.

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Section: Other Factors Of Regional Growthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does local technological innovation lead to local development? A policy perspective

Shearmur¹,

Bonnet²

2011

Regional Science Policy & Practice

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“…It provides start-ups, or firms in general, with the necessary resources for growth. Particularly access to labour and consumer markets are key factors for continuity and growth of start-ups (Shearmur and Polèse 2007). As many start-ups are in non-tradable consumer-based services and retail, access to local consumer markets is crucial.…”

Section: Regional Differences In Impactmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of new business creation on employment growth in regions facing population decline

Delfmann

Koster

2016

Ann Reg Sci

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Particularly in declining regions, new businesses creation is seen as a means to secure (future) employment opportunities. However, the way in which new business creation exerts its influence on employment is not evident. Do start-ups in these areas influencing employment change as they do in growth regions? We disentangle the long-and short-term employment effect of new business creation in municipalities in the Netherlands between 1996 and 2010. We conclude that the regional context matters a great deal for the local employment effect of business creation. Further, it is shown in contexts with modest population decline, new businesses are still an important generator of employment opportunities. JEL Classification

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“…The role of local policy in firm location decisions has been extensively discussed in the literature (Bollinger & Ihlanfeldt, ; Fujita, ; Kohlhase & Ju, ; Shearmur & Polèse, ; Sullivan, ; Zhang & Sasaki, , ). Local governments in the United States are responsible for provision of a wide array of public services within their jurisdiction, financing their activities with the revenues that they raise.…”

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confidence: 99%

An Examination of the Determinants of Employment Center Growth: Do Local Policies Play a Role?

Agarwal

2015

Journal of Urban Affairs

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Using 1990–2000 data from the Los Angeles metropolitan region, this article examines the association between local development policies and employment center growth. Three local policy measures are used: expenditure on developmental activities, growth control index, and local business fees. The article does not find evidence that local policies directly influence employment center growth. The findings suggest that municipalities may influence employment center growth indirectly by facilitating access to the labor force.

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Do Local Factors Explain Local Employment Growth? Evidence from Canada, 1971–2001

Cited by 54 publications

References 32 publications

Does local technological innovation lead to local development? A policy perspective

Does local technological innovation lead to local development? A policy perspective

The effect of new business creation on employment growth in regions facing population decline

An Examination of the Determinants of Employment Center Growth: Do Local Policies Play a Role?

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