How to inspire firms to conduct green innovation is still an under-explored question.This study finds that the green concerns of minority shareholders can significantly promote firms to conduct green innovation. Mechanism tests reveal that green concerns promote firm green innovation by increasing media attention and reducing financing constraints. Further research shows that the positive effect of green concerns of minority shareholders on green innovation is more significant for companies with high competition, more effective internal controls, and high public involvement at the location. Based on the findings, policy implications of promoting corporate green innovation are discussed.
| INTRODUCTIONWith the growing prominence of environmental pollution, Chinese society has gradually realized the importance of green innovation for high-quality economic development (Guo et al., 2021). Green innovation refers to reducing environmental pollution at its source through developing new products and technologies (Kunapatarawong & Martinez-Ros, 2016). There are multiple factors that influence firm green innovation, including macro-environmental and economic policies, industrial structure and external pressures (e.g., environmental protection departments, non-profit organizations, media, and capital markets) (Cuerva et al., 2014;Gohoungodji et al., 2020), micro corporate green culture and corporate governance structure, as well as individual knowledge and characteristics (e.g., internal executive and inventors) (Quan et al., 2021). Successful green innovation can help companies improve their market position, expand the market scale, and ultimately gain a competitive advantage (Zhang, Xing, & Wang, 2020). As one of the main stakeholders, investors profoundly influence corporate green innovation by participating in company decisions through voting, parades, etc. (Cundill et al., 2018). According to Porter's hypothesis, productivity gains from implementing green innovation will offset the costs associated with environmental protection, so investors tend to prefer environmentally friendly companies (Porter & Van der Linde, 1995). It has been shown that stock prices fall rapidly when companies experience environmental incidents (Capelle-Blancard & Laguna, 2010). Meanwhile, minority shareholders will also respond positively to corporate environmental announcements in the capital market (Jacobs et al., 2010). Like equity investors, debt investors prefer bonds that invest in green projects in the corporate bond market. There is a premium for green bonds in China compared with regular bonds when other conditions are the same (Wang et al., 2020).Different investors may have different impacts on green innovation. State-controlled companies undertake the mission to accomplish political goals. They are more likely to obtain the support of commercial bank credit, so they are generally more willing to carry out green innovations than non-state-owned companies (Bai et al., 2019). In contrast, in family-owned firms, shareholders will be r...