Do individual factors and neighborhood context explain ethnic differences in juvenile delinquency?

Peeples, Faith L.; Loeber, Rolf

doi:10.1007/bf02221156

Cited by 260 publications

(179 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The crime within a child's neighbourhood serves as another community characteristic influencing development. Research has found that children who live in neighbourhoods that are unsafe or that lack services face greater risks of developing problem behaviours such as hyperactivity, aggression or withdrawal, regardless of the quality of their family life (Peeples & Loeber, 1994).…”

Section: Neighbourhoods and Childrenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neighbourhood and family influences on the cognitive ability of children in the British National Child Development Study

McCulloch

Joshi²

2001

Social Science & Medicine

127

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Section: Neighbourhoods and Childrenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neighbourhood and family influences on the cognitive ability of children in the British National Child Development Study

McCulloch

Joshi²

2001

Social Science & Medicine

127

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“…Findings can be characterized as, at best, inconsistent. Peeples and Loeber (1994), for instance, reported that neighborhood disadvantage has a direct (positive) effect on each delinquency outcome that they analyzed. Analyses by Simcha-Fagan and Schwartz (1986) suggested a direct effect of disadvantage but only on one of three delinquency measures examined.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Linking Local Labor Market Opportunity To Violent Adolescent Delinquency

Bellair¹,

Roscigno²,

McNulty³

2003

Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency

100

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Most criminological theory is cast at either the macro or micro level. Developmental and integrated theories are an exception as they combine community characteristics such as neighborhood poverty with micro-level processes. What remains lacking, however, is attention to labor market conditions. The authors address this gap by testing a contextual model that links Keywords: labor market; employment; violence; contextualThe importance attributed by criminologists to structural causes of delinquency and crime has waxed and waned over the past century. However, over the past 20 years, structural theorizing has been revitalized. Blau and Blau's (1982) "The Costs of Inequality: Metropolitan Structure and Violent Crime" helped to legitimate such efforts, as did the rediscovery of classically grounded perspectives, such as social disorganization (Bursik and Grasmick 1993;Sampson and Groves 1989;Wilson 1996) and strain theories (Agnew 1992(Agnew , 1999Messner and Rosenfeld 1997 Sampson and Laub 1993;Thornberry 1987). These perspectives incorporated structural conditions of communities into their models-conditions presumed to influence delinquency above and beyond the impact of individuallevel processes.Despite the importance assigned to structural attributes in contemporary theory and research, structural characteristics are rarely measured. They are also seldom included in tests of "integrated" conceptual models. This is particularly true when it comes to local labor market structure and opportunity. Indeed, with very few exceptions (reviewed below), researchers seeking to test models that integrate structural and micro-level theory have not systematically developed a set of indicators that adequately capture local labor market conditions, nor have they developed an explicit rationale for their inclusion-a rationale grounded in the insights of contemporary stratification theory and research.In this article, we examine the relationship between labor market conditions and violent adolescent delinquency. We also assess whether the relationship can be explained by mediation through family well-being and adolescent attachments to family, school, and delinquent peers. We view our efforts as an initial step toward demonstrating the importance of local opportunity structures and identifying potential mechanism(s) that may produce the effect. We begin with a brief discussion and critique of prior contextual research. Next, grounding our analysis in the labor market stratification literature, we describe potentially important mediating processes that link structural opportunity with individual outcomes. Finally, we offer a test of the relations described-drawing from a nationally representative sample and employing techniques that are analytically appropriate given the multilevel nature of the associations we discuss. BACKGROUND

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“…Multilevel analysis is able to statistically differentiate between characteristics that are measured at different levels of analysis. From a historical point of view, criminologists have paid most attention to the ways in which neighbourhoods as collective structures can influence socialisation and offending [7,15,16]. From a social disorganisation/collective efficacy perspective [17], the emphasis is placed on the social trust and informal control within neighbourhoods which restrain an individual from offending.…”

Section: Neighbourhood-and School-level Disadvantage and Offendingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other scholars have found small but substantive contextual effects [27,34,35]. Some scholars have found conditional contextual effects [15,36,37]. Similarly, school-based contextual studies of offending (and analogous behaviour such as truancy) have also shown inconsistent results.…”

Section: Previous Contextual Studies Of Offendingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite these restrictions, it is still possible to evaluate the extent to which this sample can be thought of as being representative, at least at the neighbourhood level [37]. 15 A comparison between aggregate survey-based demographics and aggregate census-tract data revealed rather high correlations between both types of variable. The neighbourhood-level correlation between the percentage of …”

Section: Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Adolescent Offending and the Segregation of Poverty in Urban Neighbourhoods and Schools: An Assessment of Contextual Effects from the Standpoint of Situational Action Theory

Pauwels

2011

Urban Studies Research

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Contextual research on adolescent offending is primarily based on the idea that residential areas provide a major ecological setting that (indirectly) shapes observed differences in adolescent offending. The social disorganisation/collective efficacy perspective has tried to explain why structural disadvantage of residential areas affects residents' involvement in offending. On the other hand, contextual research has also been conducted within the school setting. This separate contextual approach is problematic as it does not reflect the reality of adolescents' lives. Adolescents are exposed to different ecological settings. They are also exposed to many other settings that may provide opportunities to offend, as outlined in the situational action theory (SAT) of crime causation. This study contributes to the literature on the urban context of offending in three ways. First, the effects of adolescents' residential neighbourhood and school context on adolescent offending are assessed simultaneously. Second, this study elaborates on SAT from a cross-level point of view. Third, this contribution makes use of non-hierarchical multilevel modelling, which is a statistically correct method of testing hypotheses that involve multiple contexts. Our study revealed the existence of small contextual effects of school-level disadvantage, whereas the effect of neighbourhood-level disadvantage is entirely due to neighbourhood composition.

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Do individual factors and neighborhood context explain ethnic differences in juvenile delinquency?

Cited by 260 publications

References 11 publications

Neighbourhood and family influences on the cognitive ability of children in the British National Child Development Study

Neighbourhood and family influences on the cognitive ability of children in the British National Child Development Study

Linking Local Labor Market Opportunity To Violent Adolescent Delinquency

Adolescent Offending and the Segregation of Poverty in Urban Neighbourhoods and Schools: An Assessment of Contextual Effects from the Standpoint of Situational Action Theory

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