Do hunger and exposure to food affect scores on a measure of hedonic hunger? An experimental study

Witt, Ashley A.; Raggio, Greer A.; Butryn, Meghan L.; Lowe, Michael R.

doi:10.1016/j.appet.2013.11.010

Cited by 31 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…If PFS reflects a stable trait, it would be expected to have the same value regardless of measurement timing. If instead PFS varies over time, e.g.,(Witt, Raggio, Butryn, & Lowe, 2014), this may introduce bias or imprecision in the estimates of its association with BMI change. Another limitation is the lack of a measure of the exposure to highly palatable foods in the environment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Power of Food Scale in association with weight outcomes and dieting in a nationally representative cohort of U.S. young adults

et al. 2016

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Food reward sensitivity may influence susceptibility to overeating in a permissive food environment, contributing to unintended weight gain and intentional weight loss behavior. This study examined associations of food reward sensitivity, assessed by the Power of Food Scale (PFS), with weight outcomes and dieting in a nationally representative cohort of U.S. emerging adults. Wave 5 (W5, 5th year of follow-up) respondents from the NEXT Generation Health Study were included (N=2202, W5 age=20.3±0.02 years). Baseline and W5 BMI, W5 weight status (normal weight=18.5≤BMI<25, overweight=25≤BMI<30, obese=BMI≥30), BMI change (W5-baseline BMI) and onset of overweight or obesity (OWOB) were calculated from self-reported height and weight. PFS (aggregate and 3 domain scores: food available, present, and tasted) and dieting for weight-loss were assessed at W5. Adjusted linear regressions estimated associations of PFS with W5 BMI and BMI change. Log-binomial regressions estimated associations of high W5 BMI (≥25), OWOB onset and dieting with PFS. Post hoc analyses estimated associations of PFS with W5 perceived weight status (overweight vs. about right or underweight). W5 BMI=25.73±0.32 kg/m2, and OWOB onset occurred in 27.7% of participants. The PFS-food available score was associated with BMI change, β±SE=0.41±0.19. Other PFS scores were not associated with weight outcomes. Dieting prevalence was higher in participants with high versus low W5 BMI (61% versus 32%), and was positively associated with all PFS scores except the PFS-food tasted score, e.g., relative risk (RR) of dieting for PFS-aggregate=1.13, 95%CI [1.01-1.26]. Post-hoc analyses indicated perceived overweight was positively associated with PFS-food available, 1.12, [1.01-1.24], and PFS-food present, 1.13, [1.03-1.24]. PFS was positively related to dieting and perceived overweight, but not concurrent or change in weight status in a representative cohort of U.S. emerging adults.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Power of Food Scale in association with weight outcomes and dieting in a nationally representative cohort of U.S. young adults

et al. 2016

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“…Adherence to the overnight fast was assessed via open-ended questions regarding time since last eaten (including drinks), what food/drink was last eaten, and the time since last consumption of a caffeinated beverage (Witt et al, 2014). …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nordgren et al (2009) reported that hungry individuals had a weaker belief in their ability to control their impulses than satiated individuals and exposed themselves to less temptation (preferred snacks), argued to be a result of the weakened beliefs in their impulse-control abilities. In healthy overweight and obese women, temporal discounting (i.e., the devaluation of rewards over time) and hedonic hunger (i.e., a preoccupation with palatable foods or desire to eat for pleasure in the absence of a physical energy deficit; Witt et al, 2014; Manasse et al, 2015) were found to interact to predict food intake only in individuals high in temporal discounting (Appelhans et al, 2011; Manasse et al, 2015), suggesting that a greater ability to delay reward (i.e., lower temporal discounting) may be protective of overeating. Moreover, there is evidence that in healthy individuals, being hungry is associated with reduced temporal discounting but only for large rewards (De Ridder et al, 2014), which the authors argued may be due to increased reliance on emotion or intuition in decision making when in a motivational physical state.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Task-Based and Questionnaire Measures of Inhibitory Control Are Differentially Affected by Acute Food Restriction and by Motivationally Salient Food Stimuli in Healthy Adults

et al. 2016

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Adaptive eating behaviors are dependent on an interaction between motivational states (e.g., hunger) and the ability to control one's own behavior (inhibitory control). Indeed, behavioral paradigms are emerging that seek to train inhibitory control to improve eating behavior. However, inhibitory control is a multifaceted concept, and it is not yet clear how different types (e.g., reactive motor inhibition, proactive motor inhibition, reward-related inhibition) are affected by hunger. Such knowledge will provide insight into the contexts in which behavioral training paradigms would be most effective. The present study explored the impact of promoting a “need” state (hunger) together with motivationally salient distracting stimuli (food/non-food images) on inhibitory control in 46 healthy adults. Participants attended two study sessions, once after eating breakfast as usual and once after acute food restriction on the morning of the session. In each session, participants completed questionnaires on hunger, mood and inhibitory control, and undertook task-based measures of inhibitory control, and had physiological measurements (height, weight, and blood glucose) obtained by a researcher. Acute food restriction influenced task-based assessments but not questionnaire measures of inhibitory control, suggesting that hunger affects observable behavioral control but not self-reported inhibitory control. After acute food restriction, participants showed greater temporal discounting (devaluation of future rewards), and subjective hunger and these were inversely correlated with stop accuracy on the stop signal task. Finally, participants generally responded faster when food-related distractor images were presented, compared to non-food images, independent of state. This suggests that although food stimuli motivate approach behavior, stimulus relevance does not impact inhibitory control in healthy individuals, nor interact with motivational state. These findings may provide some explanation for poorer inhibitory control often reported in studies of individuals who practice restraint over eating.

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“…Furthermore, the same study found that TFEQ constructs at time 1 do not predict food intake at time 2, suggesting that natural variation in food intake is not explained by uncontrolled eating over baseline food intake (Figure B line 4′). Similarly, variation in food intake at time 1, that is by manipulating hunger levels, does not influence uncontrolled eating scores (Witt et al ., ), with the exception of external eating (Evers et al ., ; Figure B line 5′).…”

Section: Longitudinal Associations Between Food Intake and Uncontrollmentioning

confidence: 99%

Uncontrolled eating: a unifying heritable trait linked with obesity, overeating, personality and the brain

Vainik

García‐García

Dagher

2019

Eur J of Neuroscience

144

130

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Many eating‐related psychological constructs have been proposed to explain obesity and overeating. However, these constructs, including food addiction, disinhibition, hedonic hunger, emotional eating, binge eating and the like all have similar definitions, emphasizing loss of control over intake. As questionnaires measuring the constructs correlate strongly (r > 0.5) with each other, we propose that these constructs should be reconsidered to be part of a single broad phenotype: uncontrolled eating. Such an approach enables reviewing and meta‐analysing evidence obtained with each individual questionnaire. Here, we describe robust associations between uncontrolled eating, body mass index (BMI), food intake, personality traits and brain systems. Reviewing cross‐sectional and longitudinal data, we show that uncontrolled eating is phenotypically and genetically intertwined with BMI and food intake. We also review evidence on how three psychological constructs are linked with uncontrolled eating: lower cognitive control, higher negative affect and a curvilinear association with reward sensitivity. Uncontrolled eating mediates all three constructs’ associations with BMI and food intake. Finally, we review and meta‐analyse brain systems possibly subserving uncontrolled eating: namely, (i) the dopamine mesolimbic circuit associated with reward sensitivity, (ii) frontal cognitive networks sustaining dietary self‐control and (iii) the hypothalamus‐pituitary‐adrenal axis, amygdala and hippocampus supporting stress reactivity. While there are limits to the explanatory and predictive power of the uncontrolled eating phenotype, we conclude that treating different eating‐related constructs as a single concept, uncontrolled eating, enables drawing robust conclusions on the relationship between food intake and BMI, psychological variables and brain structure and function.

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Do hunger and exposure to food affect scores on a measure of hedonic hunger? An experimental study

Cited by 31 publications

References 11 publications

Power of Food Scale in association with weight outcomes and dieting in a nationally representative cohort of U.S. young adults

Power of Food Scale in association with weight outcomes and dieting in a nationally representative cohort of U.S. young adults

Task-Based and Questionnaire Measures of Inhibitory Control Are Differentially Affected by Acute Food Restriction and by Motivationally Salient Food Stimuli in Healthy Adults

Uncontrolled eating: a unifying heritable trait linked with obesity, overeating, personality and the brain

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