Do high concentrations of microcystin prevent Daphnia control of phytoplankton?

Chislock, Michael F.; Sarnelle, Orlando; Jernigan, Lauren M.; Wilson, Alan E.

doi:10.1016/j.watres.2012.12.038

Cited by 83 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Daphnia obviously was of great importance in filtering the phytoplankton out of the water in the control tanks. It took about two weeks before Daphnia densities were high enough to reduce phytoplankton biomass rapidly, which is comparable to what was observed in an enclosure study [24]. The share of cyanobacteria had dropped slightly in the first few days of our experiment from 27% to about 16%, where after it remained constant.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

“…After two weeks cyanobacteria chlorophyll-a concentrations in the control tanks were above 100 µg·L −1 , which apparently did not impair Daphnia's ability for strong top-down control. Another study found that even in 150 µg·L −1 of cyanobacteria dominated phytoplankton, Daphnia were able to suppress total phytoplankton biomass by 74% relative to no Daphnia controls [24]. Therefore, Daphnia might be able to greatly reduce cyanobacteria, unless their abundance is controlled by planktivorous fishes [24] or ultrasound.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of Commercially Available Ultrasound on the Zooplankton Grazer Daphnia and Consequent Water Greening in Laboratory Experiments

Lürling

Tolman

2014

Water

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Abstract:We tested the hypothesis that ultrasound in controlling cyanobacteria and algal blooms is "environmental friendly" by exposing the non-target zooplankton grazer Daphnia magna to ultrasound produced by commercially available ultrasound transducers. In populations of 15 Daphnia (~2 mm body size) exposed in 800 mL of water to ultrasound supplied at 20 kHz, 28 kHz, 36 kHz or 44 kHz, all animals were killed between 10 min (44 kHz) and 135 min (20 kHz). Differently sized Daphnia (0.7-3.2 mm) were all killed between 4 and 30 min when exposed to 44 kHz. Increasing water volumes up to 3.2 L and thus lowering the ultrasound intensity did not markedly increase survival of Daphnia exposed to 44 kHz ultrasound. A tank experiment with six 85 L tanks containing a mixture of green algae, cyanobacteria and D. magna was performed to study the effect of ultrasound over a longer time period (25 d). In controls, when Daphnia flourished, algal biomass dropped and the water became clear. In contrast, in ultrasound treatments, Daphnia abundance was extremely low releasing phytoplankton from grazing control, which resulted in high phytoplankton biomass. Hence, we conclude that ultrasound from commercially available transducers sold to clear ponds, aquaria and small reservoirs, OPEN ACCESSWater 2014, 6 3248 should not be considered environmentally friendly and cannot be viewed as efficient in controlling phytoplankton.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Commercially Available Ultrasound on the Zooplankton Grazer Daphnia and Consequent Water Greening in Laboratory Experiments

Lürling

Tolman

2014

Water

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“…When this selection facilitates the survival of desirable species, it can have important benefits for biodiversity, human health, and ecosystem services. For example, evolution of Daphnia may help improve water quality in the face of cultural eutrophication (38). However, adaptation can also enable the survival and reproduction of species that reduce biodiversity and human wellbeing.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global urban signatures of phenotypic change in animal and plant populations

Alberti

Correa

Marzluff

et al. 2017

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

382

298

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Humans challenge the phenotypic, genetic, and cultural makeup of species by affecting the fitness landscapes on which they evolve. Recent studies show that cities might play a major role in contemporary evolution by accelerating phenotypic changes in wildlife, including animals, plants, fungi, and other organisms. Many studies of ecoevolutionary change have focused on anthropogenic drivers, but none of these studies has specifically examined the role that urbanization plays in ecoevolution or explicitly examined its mechanisms. This paper presents evidence on the mechanisms linking urban development patterns to rapid evolutionary changes for species that play important functional roles in communities and ecosystems. Through a metaanalysis of experimental and observational studies reporting more than 1,600 phenotypic changes in species across multiple regions, we ask whether we can discriminate an urban signature of phenotypic change beyond the established natural baselines and other anthropogenic signals. We then assess the relative impact of five types of urban disturbances including habitat modifications, biotic interactions, habitat heterogeneity, novel disturbances, and social interactions. Our study shows a clear urban signal; rates of phenotypic change are greater in urbanizing systems compared with natural and nonurban anthropogenic systems. By explicitly linking urban development to traits that affect ecosystem function, we can map potential ecoevolutionary implications of emerging patterns of urban agglomerations and uncover insights for maintaining key ecosystem functions upon which the sustainability of human wellbeing depends.ecoevolution | urbanization | ecosystem function | sustainability | anthropocene E merging evidence of phenotypic change on contemporary timescales challenges the assumption that evolution only occurs over hundreds or thousands of years. Anthropogenic changes in ecological conditions can drive evolutionary change in species traits that can alter ecosystem function (1-3). However, the reciprocal and simultaneous outcomes of such interactions have only begun to emerge (4). Despite increasing evidence that humans are major drivers of microevolution, the role of human activities in such dynamics is still unclear. Might human-driven evolution lead to ecosystem change with consequences for human well-being within contemporary timescales (5, 6)?To address this question, human-driven phenotypic change must be considered in the context of global rapid urbanization. In 1950, 30% of the world's population lived in urban settlements (7). By 2014, that figure had risen to 54%, and by 2050 it is expected to reach 66% (7). By 2030, urban land cover is forecast to increase by 1.2 million km 2 , almost tripling the global urban land area of 2000 (8). Urbanization drives systemic changes to socioecological systems by accelerating rates of interactions among people, multiplying connections among distant places, and expanding the spatial scales and ecological consequences of human activities to glo...

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“…Depth-integrated water samples for total phytoplankton biomass (as chlorophyll a), phytoplankton species composition, microcystin, and macrozooplankton biomass and species composition were collected with a tube sampler (inside diameter ¼ 51 mm, 0.5 m deep) weekly from 30 August 2012 to 24 October 2012 and analyzed using standard limnological protocols (Chislock et al 2013; Appendix A). We measured diel oxygen flux (measurements made at dawn, dusk, and the following dawn) at the beginning (there were no pretreatment differences; ANOVA F 2,7 ¼ 0.192, P ¼ 0.829) and end of the experiment to estimate gross primary productivity (GPP; Wojdak 2005 We also used ANOVA to compare treatment effects on GPP at the conclusion of the experiment.…”

Section: Limnocorral Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Large effects of consumer offense on ecosystem structure and function

Chislock

Sarnelle

Olsen

et al. 2013

Ecology

Self Cite

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Abstract. Study of the role of within-species adaptation in ecological dynamics has focused largely on prey adaptations that reduce consumption risk (prey defense). Few, if any, studies have examined how consumer adaptations to overcome prey defenses (consumer offense) affect ecosystem structure and function. We manipulated two sets of genotypes of a planktonic herbivore (Daphnia pulicaria) in a highly productive ecosystem with abundant toxic prey (cyanobacteria). The two sets of consumer genotypes varied widely in their tolerance of toxic cyanobacteria in the diet (i.e., sensitive vs. tolerant). We found a large effect of tolerant D. pulicaria on phytoplankton biomass and gross primary productivity but no effect of sensitive genotypes, this result stemming from genotype-specific differences in population growth in the presence of toxic prey. The former effect was as large as effects seen in previous Daphnia manipulations at similar productivity levels. Thus, we demonstrated that the effect of consumer genotypes with contrasting offensive adaptations was as large as the effect of consumer presence/absence.

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Do high concentrations of microcystin prevent Daphnia control of phytoplankton?

Cited by 83 publications

References 51 publications

Effects of Commercially Available Ultrasound on the Zooplankton Grazer Daphnia and Consequent Water Greening in Laboratory Experiments

Effects of Commercially Available Ultrasound on the Zooplankton Grazer Daphnia and Consequent Water Greening in Laboratory Experiments

Global urban signatures of phenotypic change in animal and plant populations

Large effects of consumer offense on ecosystem structure and function

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