Do ground source heat pumps challenge the dominant position of district heating in the Swedish heating market?

Åberg, Magnus; Fälting, Lars; Lingfors, David; Nilsson, Annica M.; Forssell, Anders

doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.120070

Cited by 26 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…However, in Sweden the main sources of low-temperature heat were: sewage water, water from seas and lakes, and rejected excess heat from industrial plants [11]. According to [12], HPS using ground heat as a low-temperature heat source can only compete with district heating in suburban areas due to its high specific land consumption. Currently in Sweden, HPS are gradually superseded by biofuel plants, partly due to high electricity prices.…”

Section: Figmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of stand-alone building heating system operating with renewable energy sources under moderate continental climate conditions

2021

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The climatic conditions in Moscow limit to a certain extent the utilization of renewable energy sources for heat supply. Long heating period, relatively low average daily sunshine hours during heating period, and low outside temperatures act as barriers to realising the full potential of renewable energy sources. The paper presents an evaluation of feasibility and effectiveness of using various renewable energy sources in the heat supply system of Block 23 of the National research university «MPEI». The system arrangement for heat supply of the building with renewable energy sources is described. Experimental data have been obtained on the basis of this system. The calculated time dependences of building heat consumption and heat pump system (HPS) outputs are given. In addition, for the air-source heat pump system, the dependence on the outdoor temperature is given. Values of HPS efficiency indices are also presented. A comparative analysis of the efficiency of air-source HPS and liquid-to-liquid HPS with a geothermal circuit in winter conditions is carried out.

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Section: Figmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of stand-alone building heating system operating with renewable energy sources under moderate continental climate conditions

2021

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“…The new buildings, designed under stringent building regulations, will be characterized by low energy demand. This new situation will call into question the attractiveness of DHC, technically and economically, as establishing new networks in low linear heat density areas may reduce their competitiveness with respect to individual energy solutions-e.g., heat pumps [21][22][23]. Hence, new technical solutions are required to sustain the DHC competitiveness in new urban areas and face the novel challenges that will arise in the future energy markets.…”

Section: State Of the Art And Future Challengesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Double Loop Network for Combined Heating and Cooling in Low Heat Density Areas

et al. 2020

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This study investigated a double loop network operated with ultra-low supply/return temperatures of 45/25 °C as a novel solution for low heat-density areas in Denmark and compared the proposed concept with a typical tree network and with individual heat pumps to each end-users rather than district networks. It is a pump-driven system, where the separate circulation of supply and return flow increased the flexibility of the system to integrate and displace heating and cooling energy along the network. Despite the increased use of central and local water pumps to operate and control the system, the simulated overall pump energy consumption was 0.9% of the total energy consumption. This was also an advantage at the design stage as the larger pressure gradient, up to 570 Pa/m, allowed minimal pipe diameters. In addition, the authors proposed the installation of electrically heated vacuum-insulated micro tanks of 10 L on the primary side of each building substation as a supplementary heating solution to meet the comfort and hygiene requirements for domestic hot water (DHW). This, combined with supply water circulation in the loop network, served as a technical solution to remove the need for bypass valves during summer periods with no load in the network. The proposed double loop system reduced distribution heat losses from 19% to 12% of the total energy consumption and decreased average return temperatures from 33 °C to 23 °C compared to the tree network. While excess heat recovery can be limited due to hydraulic issues in tree networks, the study investigated the double loop concept for scenarios with heat source temperatures of 30 °C and 45 °C. The double loop network was cost-competitive when considering the required capital and operating costs. Furthermore, district networks outperformed individual heat pump solutions for low-heat density areas when waste heat was available locally. Finally, although few in Denmark envisage residential cooling as a priority, this study investigated the potential of embedding heating and cooling in the same infrastructure. It found that the return line could deliver cold water to the end-users and that the maximum cooling power was 1.4 kW to each end-user, which corresponded to 47% of the total peak heat demand used to dimension the double loop network.

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“…Because of these advantages, DH systems are competitive with alternative heating methods, particularly in urban areas with high heat demand. In Europe, around 4,000 DH systems are currently operational (Sayegh et al, 2017), with DH systems accounting for up to 60% of the national heat market share in some countries (Åberg et al, 2020;Connolly et al, 2014;Werner, 2017). Despite these advantages of DH systems, no viable open-source platform focusing on the optimal design of DH systems and their control systems exists.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A fast and effective method for modelling and optimizing district heating systems in the Modelica language

Li¹,

Hou²,

Nord³

2022

Linköping Electronic Conference Proceedings

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A district heating system is a centralized energy system that supplies heat to end users such as buildings and industrial facilities. This centralized system may have multiple heat sources, a complex distribution network, and a large number of end users. Moreover, the heat distribution and utilization processes entail tumultuous thermal dynamics. Therefore, modelling and optimizing such a system generally demands arduous labour and necessitates powerful computing resources. To overcome these difficulties, this study introduced a fast and effective method for modelling and optimizing district heating systems using the Modelica language. Firstly, a simplified district heating system model was developed. This simplified model lumped all the end-users into a single thermal pinot with critical physical constraints. Meanwhile, the distribution network was simplified into two pipelines: supply and return. In addition, a one-dimensional discrete model was used to describe the behaviours of water tank thermal energy storage. Other essential components, like central and distributed heat sources, were modelled using basic mass and energy balance equations. Afterwards, two optimization frameworks were formulated, which incorporated the developed system model: a long-term optimal operation framework aimed at a yearly level open-loop optimization with a two-hour resolution, and a model predictive control framework aimed at a daily level close-loop optimization with a one-hour resolution. The proposed method was tested numerically on a university campus district heating system in Norway on a personal computer. Model validation showed that the proposed modelling approach could capture the key characteristics of the studied system. Optimization results demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed optimization frameworks both for the long-term and short-term optimization.

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Do ground source heat pumps challenge the dominant position of district heating in the Swedish heating market?

Cited by 26 publications

References 10 publications

Study of stand-alone building heating system operating with renewable energy sources under moderate continental climate conditions

Study of stand-alone building heating system operating with renewable energy sources under moderate continental climate conditions

Double Loop Network for Combined Heating and Cooling in Low Heat Density Areas

A fast and effective method for modelling and optimizing district heating systems in the Modelica language

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