Do Green Belts Change the Shape of Urban Areas? A Preliminary Analysis of the Settlement Geography of South East England

Longley, Paul; Batty, Michael; Shepherd, John; Sadler, Graham

doi:10.1080/00343409212331347101

Cited by 50 publications

(26 citation statements)

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“…Compactness indices have been applied recently to correlate the shape of the rain forest to the number of endemic species (Williams and Pearson 1997);and Longley et al (1992) modified area-perimeter indices to examine the impact of green belts on the shape of urban areas. Gamba (1999) proposes the use of a boundary method to analyze the shape of meteorological data for tracking storm events.…”

Section: Shape In Geographymentioning

confidence: 99%

A Shape Definition for Geographic Applications Based on Edge, Elongation, and Perforation

Wentz

2000

Geographical Analysis

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An expanded dejnition for measuring shape in a geographicIndices to measure these characteristics were ident$e P and applied to two di$-As scientists move more toward larger and more heterogeneous databases, the need to capture intuitive geographic concepts is of enormous importance. In the rapid expansion of computer technology, little attention has been given to some of these conceptual problems, which once received considerable attention. Mathematically describing the shape of geographic objects, as one such area, is again receiving attention as an important component of geographic pattern analysis (Li 1996; Ehler 1997;Medda, Nijkamp, and Rietveld 1998). Measuring shape, that is, quantitatively describing the geometric form of a closed homogenous region, is frequently used to better understand spatial processes at work in the landsca e. Researchers have quantified the shape of political districts to determine t ! e potential existence of gerrymandering (Gibbs 1961; Austin 1981;Rhind, Armstrong, and Openshaw 1988); analyzed market areas (Simons 1974); studied the organization of transportation to assess the changing shape of cities over time (Lo 1980); examined and compared the different shapes of land parcels (Price 1995); used with generalization operations (Coulson 1978;Su et al. 1997); and measured shape to assist in the classification of remotely sensed images (Li 1996). The goal for shape research in geography is to describe quantitatively the form of an object so thatThe author thanks Donna Peuquet, Alan MacEachren, Robert Crane, Keith Ord, and the anonyElizabeth A. Wentz is an assistant professor of geography at Arizona State University. mous reviewers for their helpful comments on earlier drafts of this paper.

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Section: Shape In Geographymentioning

confidence: 99%

A Shape Definition for Geographic Applications Based on Edge, Elongation, and Perforation

Wentz

2000

Geographical Analysis

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“…In Brisbane, recreational needs are recognised at a strategic level in the regional plan (DSDIP, 2009) while Zhongshan has implemented a more standard approach with over-emphasis on park quantity (Wang, 2009). Previous studies suggest that green space policies have significant impacts on the form of urban settlement (Elson, 1986;Longley et al, 1992). The reliance on a quantitative standards approach that is embedded in the top-down park planning regime in Chinese cities can undervalue the important role and contribution that urban design of residential area plays in creating walkable and safe residential areas that meet community recreational demands.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Park access may also be investigated from an individual perspective, such as individual barriers to physical activity and active lifestyle. For example, Roche et al (2009) found that higher perceptions of park availability are significantly associated with higher levels of physical activities; or, from the perspective of urban development, previous studies suggested that park-related policies significantly influence the form of urban settlement, highlighting the important impact of park planning on urban forms (Elson, 1986;Longley et al, 1992).…”

Section: Research Context: Urban Public Parks and Green Spacesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Urban parks and green spaces offer a variety of economic, environmental and social function values (BedimoRung et al, 2005;Byrne and Wolch, 2009;Cohen et al, 2007;Ulrich and Addoms, 1981;Wolch et al, 2014), providing important space-filling elements in shaping the form and layout of cities (Batty and Longley, 1994;Davies et al, 2008;Longley et al, 1992). From an analytic standpoint, proximity to parks has been widely adopted as one of the key driving factors in constructing models to simulate the complex and dynamic processes of urban land use and landscape changes using spatially explicit cellular automata (CA) (Besussi et al, 1998;Haase and Schwarz, 2009;Jenerette and Wu, 2001;Stevens and Dragicevic, 2007) and agent-based model approaches (Haase and Schwarz, 2009;Loibl et al, 2007).…”

Section: Urban Parks and Planning Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Public parks also contribute to our understanding of the economics of urban structure, because park access contributes to the liveability of the urban environment (Longley et al, 1992;McCann and Ewing, 2003). A variety of strategies have been implemented (e.g., reuse of remnant urban land and obsolete transport infrastructure) to increase the supply of parks in cities throughout the world, especially in park-poor areas such as inner-cities (Byrne and Sipe, 2010;Wolch et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rethinking planning for urban parks: accessibility, use and behaviour

Wang¹

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Public parks and green spaces are important health promoting facilities for urban dwellers, which can bring about improved health outcomes, diminished racial tensions and reduced public stress. Access to urban parks and green spaces is purported to be associated with the development of social capital, increased community wellbeing and inclusive neighbourhoods. It is within this context that recent decades have witnessed increasing efforts in measuring and modelling park accessibility in cities.Previous studies, however, found significant inconsistency between subjectively (perceived) and objectively (geographic) measured accessibility, indicating the need to examine existing conceptualisation of park accessibility, especially at the individual perceptual level.The accessibility concept has been developed as a multi-dimensional construct that requires a more adequate understanding about its influential factors and dimensions. Existing measures of accessibility have been limited to the concept's physical and temporal dimensions, leaving other relevant factors such as social conditions and personal constraints, including perceptions, largely unexplored. This research argues for the relevance of socio-personal factors to realistically assess accessibility to urban public parks. There is also a need to clarify how accessibility influences an individual's decision-making process that ultimately leads to human behaviour of park use or nonuse, as psychological study of behavioural intentions to use parks has rarely been investigated.Following a correlational research design and cross-sectional validation approach, this research was proposed to fill these knowledge gaps.The research involved both processes of model development and model validation. Two models were proposed in this study: an expanded theory of planned behavioural (TPB) model and an integrated model of park accessibility. The first model aims to identify the role of park accessibility in influencing individual behavioural intentions towards park use and non-use. The model was developed based on the theory of planned behaviour, with three additional variables included (i.e., perceived park accessibility, geographic proximity, and past use) to compare their relative importance in influencing park use intentions. The second model was proposed based on the critical literature review of the accessibility concept. The model consists of five dimensions, including both physical and socio-personal variables that were identified as being associated with urban park access and use.Both models were empirically tested using questionnaire survey data collected from two cities of different socio-cultural settings: Brisbane (Australia) and Zhongshan (China). Within each city, iii sampling was carefully designed to represent residents of different socioeconomic backgrounds with an aim of modelling the differences between population groups. Data were analysed quantitatively using statistical methods and spatial analytical techniques. Key findings from this study incl...

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A brief biography

Lishman

2002

Criminal Behav. Ment. Health

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Do Green Belts Change the Shape of Urban Areas? A Preliminary Analysis of the Settlement Geography of South East England

Cited by 50 publications

References 8 publications

A Shape Definition for Geographic Applications Based on Edge, Elongation, and Perforation

A Shape Definition for Geographic Applications Based on Edge, Elongation, and Perforation

Rethinking planning for urban parks: accessibility, use and behaviour

A brief biography

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