Do Glucose and Caffeine Nasal Sprays Influence Exercise or Cognitive Performance?

Pauw, Kevin De; Roelands, Bart; Cutsem, Jeroen Van; Decroix, Lieselot; Valente, Angelica; Kim, Tae-Hee; Lettan, Robert; Carrillo, Andres E.; Meeusen, Romain

doi:10.1123/ijspp.2016-0598

Cited by 14 publications

(28 citation statements)

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“…Another concept which can be used for greater cognitive effciency is nasal spray. Nasal spray was shown to substantially enhance endurance performance, probably due to the activation of the olfactory pathway and/or extra-oral sweet-taste receptors [119] (Table 4).…”

Section: Carbohydratesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Macronutrients and water – do they matter in the context of cognitive performance in athletes?

Karpęcka

Frączek

2020

BJHPA

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Proper nutrition is a key factor in physical performance, but there are also indications of an impact of dietary components on the brain function. Therefore, the aim of the study was to assess the impact of macronutrients and water on cognitive performance. Assumptions of the Mediterranean diet correlate with better global cognition, episodic memory, lower risk of cognitive impairment and neurodegenerative diseases. In turn, a high-fat and high-sugar diet shows the opposite effect. Omega-3 fatty acids could be used as a preventive tool for cognitive decline, but there is still insufficient evidence if supplementation improves cognitive functions. The proper intake of protein may be important in cognitive performance. Tyrosine seems to be potentially effective in inhibition of fatigue under extreme conditions, and the influence of BCAA on cognitive performance is still unclear. An appropriate glucose level is a critical factor for brain functions. Carbohydrate supplementation before and during exercise is associated with enhanced brain activation and decreased exercise perception, as well as improved cognitive functions. Dehydration worsens cognitive performance, especially for tasks requiring attention, executive functions and coordination. Based on the review of available studies, it should be assumed that proper nutrition might play a relevant role in athletes’ cognitive performance.

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Section: Carbohydratesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Macronutrients and water – do they matter in the context of cognitive performance in athletes?

Karpęcka

Frączek

2020

BJHPA

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“…De Pauw et al [ 66 ] performed a follow-up study on 11 moderately trained males, assessing the effects of a caffeine nasal spray, a glucose spray, or a placebo spray on Stroop task performance, Wingate sprint cycling performance, and a 30-min cycling TT. The Stroop task was performed before and after both exercise components and a 15-min rest occurred between exercises.…”

Section: Caffeinated Nasal and Mouth Aerosol Spraysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Administration of Caffeine in Alternate Forms

2018

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There has been recent interest in the ergogenic effects of caffeine delivered in low doses (* 200 mg or * 3 mg/kg body mass) and administered in forms other than capsules, coffee and sports drinks, including chewing gum, bars, gels, mouth rinses, energy drinks and aerosols. Caffeinated chewing gum is absorbed quicker through the buccal mucosa compared with capsule delivery and absorption in the gut, although total caffeine absorption over time is not different. Rapid absorption may be important in many sporting situations. Caffeinated chewing gum improved endurance cycling performance, and there is limited evidence that repeated sprint cycling and power production may also be improved. Mouth rinsing with caffeine may stimulate nerves with direct links to the brain, in addition to caffeine absorption in the mouth. However, caffeine mouth rinsing has not been shown to have significant effects on cognitive performance. Delivering caffeine with mouth rinsing improved short-duration, high-intensity, repeated sprinting in normal and depleted glycogen states, while the majority of the literature indicates no ergogenic effect on aerobic exercise performance, and resistance exercise has not been adequately studied. Studies with caffeinated energy drinks have generally not examined the individual effects of caffeine on performance, making conclusions about this form of caffeine delivery impossible. Caffeinated aerosol mouth and nasal sprays may stimulate nerves with direct brain connections and enter the blood via mucosal and pulmonary absorption, although little support exists for caffeine delivered in this manner. Overall, more research is needed examining alternate forms of caffeine delivery including direct measures of brain activation and entry of caffeine into the blood, as well as more studies examining trained athletes and female subjects.

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“…In line with mouth rinsing, glucose showed to substantially enhance endurance performance, probably due to the activation of the olfactory pathway and/or extraoral sweet taste receptors. Greater cognitive efficiency was observed with glucose nasal spray (De Pauw, Roelands, Van Cutsem, Decroix, et al, 2017;De Pauw, Roelands, Van Cutsem, Marusic, et al, 2017).…”

Section: Carbohydrates and Central Fatiguementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Both the orbitofrontal and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex were activated only during a caffeine mouth rinse, potentially explaining the likely beneficial effect on reaction times. A caffeine nasal spray activated cingulate, insular, and sensorimotor cortices (De Pauw, Roelands, Van Cutsem, Decroix et al, 2017;De Pauw, Roelands, Van Cutsem, Marusic et al, 2017).…”

Section: Caffeine and Central Fatiguementioning

confidence: 99%

Nutritional Supplements and the Brain

Meeusen

Decroix

2018

International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism

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Cognitive function plays an important role in athletic performance, and it seems that brain functioning can be influenced by nutrition and dietary components. Thus, the central nervous system might be manipulated through changes in diet or supplementation with specific nutrients including branched-chain amino acids, tyrosine, carbohydrates, and caffeine. Despite some evidence that branched-chained amino acids can influence ratings of perceived exertion and mental performance, several well-controlled studies have failed to demonstrate a positive effect on exercise performance. Evidence of an ergogenic benefit of tyrosine supplementation during prolonged exercise is limited. There is evidence that mild dehydration can impair cognitive performance and mood. The beneficial effect of carbohydrate supplementation during prolonged exercise could relate to increased substrate delivery for the brain, with numerous studies indicating that hypoglycemia affects brain function and cognitive performance. Caffeine can enhance performance and reduce perception of effort during prolonged exercise and will influence specific reward centers of the brain. Plant products and herbal extracts such as polyphenols, ginseng, ginkgo biloba, etc. are marketed as supplements to enhance performance. In several animal studies, positive effects of these products were shown, however the literature on their effects on sports performance is scarce. Polyphenols have the potential to protect neurons against injury induced by neurotoxins, suppress neuroinflammation, and to promote memory, learning, and cognitive function. In general, there remains a need for controlled randomized studies with a strong design, sufficient statistical power, and well-defined outcome measures before "claims" on its beneficial effects on brain functioning can be established.

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Do Glucose and Caffeine Nasal Sprays Influence Exercise or Cognitive Performance?

Cited by 14 publications

References 0 publications

Macronutrients and water – do they matter in the context of cognitive performance in athletes?

Macronutrients and water – do they matter in the context of cognitive performance in athletes?

Administration of Caffeine in Alternate Forms

Nutritional Supplements and the Brain

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