Do Glazed Ceramic Pots in a Mexico-US Border City Still Contain Lead?

Valles-Medina, Ana María; Osuna-Leal, Angel I.; Martinez-Cervantes, Maria Elena; Castillo-Fregoso, Maria Carmen; Vazquez-Erlbeck, Martha; Rodríguez-Lainz, Alfonso

doi:10.1155/2014/474176

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Ceramic and glassware can be an important source of intake of elements harmful to human health such as lead and cadmium [1,21,35]. The accessible data from other countries, related to the migration of metals from ceramic articles point to potential risk of adverse health effects also in case of others metals such as zinc and copper [3,29,30,31,32]. All these metals are used in pigments or glaze.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exposure assessment to lead, cadmium, zinc and copper released from ceramic and glass wares intended to come into contact with food

Mania

Szynal

Rebeniak

et al. 2018

Rocz Panstw Zakl Hig

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Background. One of the important source of food contamination with elements harmful to human health such as lead or cadmium is migration from the articles intended to come into contact with food. Ceramic and glass articles can also be a source of zinc and copper which compounds are used during the production process of vessels. Objective. Determination of migration of lead, cadmium, zinc and copper from ceramic and glass wares available on the market in Poland and assessment of consumer exposure to these elements. Material and methods. Ceramic and glass articles which were available on the retail market and mainly produced in China were tested for release of lead, cadmium, zinc and copper. Samples for testing were prepared in accordance with European Standards: EN 1388-1 and EN 1388-2 and the migration of elements into a food simulant (4% acetic acid) was measured using flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). Validated and accredited methods according to EN ISO/ IEC 17025:2005 meeting the criteria set in the legislation were applied. Exposure assessment was performed taking into account actual reference doses introduced by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) and the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA). Results. 736 samples of ceramic and glass wares were tested. Among investigated samples for migration of lead 82% of results were below limit of quantification (LOQ = 0.1 mg/L) of the analytical method used. For cadmium zinc and copper results below LOQ were found in 94%, 79% and 100% tested samples, respectively (Cd LOQ = 0.01mg/L; Zn LOQ = 0.05 mg/L; Cu LOQ = 0.03 mg/L). Only one sample release lead in amount higher than limit set in Polish Standard PN-B-13210:1997, it was rim of the glass mug and migration value was 4.81 mg/article. In case of cadmium there were two samples which exceeded permissible migration limit, it was flat ceramic dish and the rim of the glass mug, migration values were: 0.14 mg/dm 2 and 0.42 mg/article respectively. The most measurable results (above LOQ) in case of lead and cadmium were for the samples of ceramic and glass drinking vessels. Quantifiable amounts of zinc were found also in other groups of articles tested: flat and deep ceramic dishes. None of the tested articles released copper in amount higher than LOQ value. The risk assessment showed that lead and cadmium exposure for some of the samples far exceed the reference doses. For children, assuming a single use only of these vessels, these doses may be exceeded: in the case of lead, 69 times and in the case of cadmium, 8 times. Conclusions. It is the urgent need to introduce requirements into the applicable legislation for the rim area of drinking ceramic and glass vessels to reduce exposure especially by the most vulnerable groups of population such as children.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exposure assessment to lead, cadmium, zinc and copper released from ceramic and glass wares intended to come into contact with food

Mania

Szynal

Rebeniak

et al. 2018

Rocz Panstw Zakl Hig

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“…When utilized on a surface containing > 1 mg/cm 2 Pb, LeadChecks® turn visibly and distinctively red, having a false positive rate of < 1 % (Battelle, 2012). LeadChecks® have also been used as a screening tool for leachable lead in cookware at levels < 3 µg [8,9].…”

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confidence: 99%

Elevated Levels of Lead (Pb) Identified in Georgian Spices

Ericson

Gabelaia

Keith

et al. 2020

Annals of Global Health

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Background and Objectives The Georgian National Center for Disease Control and Public Health (NCDC) and United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) completed a Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS) from September to December 2018 that included a nationally representative assessment of 1,578 children's blood lead levels (BLLs). The study found that 41% of children (age 2-7 years) had BLLs equal to or exceeding the U.S. Centers for Disease Control's reference level of 5 µg/ dL and that16% of the 1,578 children had BLLs exceeding 10 µg/dL [1-3]. Low-level lead exposure can result in a number of adverse health outcomes in the neurological and cardiovascular systems [4-6]. To investigate potential sources of lead exposure present in the homes of assessed children a team comprised of staff from the NCDC and the nongovernmental organization Pure Earth (NY, USA) conducted site visits to 25 Georgian homes and four bazaars in July 2019 assessing a range of media for lead content including soil, dust, paint, water, spices, toys, and cookware. Methods Sixteen of the 25 homes were selected on the basis of having a child with a BLL > 30 µg/dL, while nine were selected on the basis of having a child with a BLL < 5 µg/dL. The mean BLL in the < 5 µg/dL group was 2.81 µg/dL (range: 1.6-4.01) while the mean BLL in the > 30 µg/dL group was 35.43 µg/dL (range: 32.29-38.57). The mean age for children in the comparison group was 4.2 years (range: 2.7-5.7), while that for the elevated group was 5.1 years (range: 4.1-6.1). The sex of the children was not recorded. The homes were located in the following five regions: Adjara (n = 9); Guria (n = 5); Imereti (n = 7); Shida Kartli (n = 3); and Tbilisi (n = 1). Spices were procured in bulk and assessed from bazaars in Adjara (n = 2), Imereti (n = 1), and Tbilisi (n = 1). Bazaar assessments were not initially contemplated in the study design and were only conducted after spices were found to be adulterated with lead during home assessments. The bazaars were selected based on logistical convenience. As a result, no bazaars were assessed in Guria or Shida Karti. The study relied heavily on field-portable instrumentation confirmed in part by laboratory wet techniques. In total, 682 portable X-Ray Fluorescence (pXRF) measurements were taken, including those from cookware (n = 53); paint (n = 207); soil (91); spices (n = 128); toys (n = 78); and ' other' (n = 125) a category comprised of a

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