Do gender and birth height of infant affect calorie of human milk? An association study between human milk macronutrient and various birth factors

Hahn, Won‐Ho; Song, Jun Hwan; Song, Seunghyun; Kang, Nam Mi

doi:10.1080/14767058.2016.1219989

Cited by 45 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…In our study, the average values of breast milk composition macronutrients are almost identical on both sexes of the premature newborn, resulting no significant correlation (p = 0.49). A study dealing with this topic for infants term results are discordant with our current study, resulting in a higher concentration carbohydrate in milk of mothers with feminine gender newborn [18].…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 70%

Biochemical Variations of Breast Milk Composition Compared with Substitution Formula in Feeding of Preterm of Mothers With or Without Pathologic Pregnancies

Biris¹,

Gluhovschi²,

Noditi³

et al. 2019

Rev. Chim.

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Breast milk is the main source of energy and nutrients for preterm and term newborns. The aim of the study was to determine the biochemical differences between breast milk and substitution formula used in feeding of preterm newborns and differences in composition of breast milk according to mothers demographic and pregnancy parameters. A group of 54 mothers with pathologic pregnancies of preterm gestational age between 27-37 weeks was studied to determine the biochemical composition of breast milk in the first 7 days of lactation and then to compare it with milk formula substitution. Most of them (42%) had a diagnosis of chronic hypertension, followed by chronic renal diseases (29%). Several parameters like gestational age, maternal age, lactation day when sampling milk, type of birth (natural / C-section), origin of mother (rural / urban), gender of the child were analyzed. The biochemical analysis of macronutrients (carbohydrates, lipids, proteins) and energetic value of the collected breast milk was performed by using an indirect method, infrared spectroscopy (mid-infrared transmission spectroscopy) by means of an automatic device. Gestational age, mother�s age and day of lactation (during the first week post-partum) did not produce a statistically significant difference in the composition of breast milk. There were no statistically significant changes with the type of delivery (cesarean versus natural) and gender of the preterm newborn. Higher lipid, carbohydrates and protein concentration was observed in milk substitution formula than in breast milk. Energetic values of analyzed milk substitution formula showed a statistically significant difference (p [0.05) when compared with breast milk.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 70%

Biochemical Variations of Breast Milk Composition Compared with Substitution Formula in Feeding of Preterm of Mothers With or Without Pathologic Pregnancies

Biris¹,

Gluhovschi²,

Noditi³

et al. 2019

Rev. Chim.

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“…In summary, natural biological processes in animals provide milk with distinctively different compositions to suit the nutritional needs based on the sex of the offspring. On the other hand, the available evidence of sex-specific differences in human milk composition are not well established [16][17][18][19][20][21].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Calorie intake is associated with weight gain during transition phase of nutrition in female extremely low birth weight infants

et al. 2020

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We sought to determine whether there are sex-based differences in the requirements for calories or protein for optimal growth during the transition phase (TP) when an extremely low birth weight (ELBW) infant, defined as a preterm infant with a birth weight of < 1000 g, is progressing from parenteral to enteral feeds. A retrospective review of ELBW infants born from 2014 to 2016 was performed at a tertiary NICU. Infants with necrotizing enterocolitis, short bowel syndrome, or chromosomal anomalies were excluded. TP was defined as the period when the infant's enteral feeds were increased from 30 up to 120 ml/kg/day while weaning parenteral nutrition (PN). Effects of sex and protein-calorie intake on the change in growth parameters from the beginning to the end of TP were analyzed. Pre-TP growth percentiles and calorie and protein intake were similar in both sexes. There was a significant (r = 0.22, p = 0.026) correlation of total calorie intake with a change in weight percentiles (wt.pc) for the whole group, but on sex-specific analysis, this correlation was more robust and significant only in girls (r = 0.28, p = 0.015). Protein intake did not correlate with the changes in wt.pc in either sex. Despite a similar intake of calories and protein during the TP, we found a significant decrease in wt.pc only in girls. More extensive studies are needed to understand the sex-based differences in caloric needs and metabolic rate in ELBW infants.

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“…Concentrations of some composition in human milk differed in relation the infant's sex [47,48]. In secretors, mothers of boys had higher concentrations of LNFP-I, LNH, LNnH, IFLNH-I, IFLNH-III and DFLNH-a&c than those of girls.…”

Section: Other Factors and Hmosmentioning

confidence: 96%

Neutral Human Milk Oligosaccharides Are Associated with Multiple Fixed and Modifiable Maternal and Infant Characteristics

Wang

Zhao

et al. 2020

Nutrients

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We aimed to identify if maternal and infant factors were associated with neutral human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) variability and examined the associations between HMOs concentration and infant growth and disease status in healthy Chinese mothers over a 6-month lactation period. We recruited mothers and their full-term infants as our subjects. At 1–5 days, 8–14 days, 4 weeks, and 6 months postpartum, all participants were interviewed to collect breast milk samples, obtain follow-up data and measure infant length and weight at their local hospital. A total of 23 neutral HMOs were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)- mass spectrometer (MS). Secretor and Lewis phenotype were determined by the concentration of 2′-fucosyllactose (2′-FL) and Lacto-N-fucopentaose (LNFP)-II. The associations between maternal and infant factors with HMOs concentrations were investigated. A total of 464 human breast milk samples were collected from 116 mothers at four different time points. In total, 76.7% mothers were found to be Secretor and Lewis positive phenotype (Se+Le+), 17.2% were Se-Le+, 4.3% were Se+Le-, and 1.7% were Se-Le-. Several individual HMOs, including 2′-FL, Lactodifucotetraose (LDFT), LNFP-I were determined by Secretor phenotype. Most individual HMOs decreased at the later stage of lactation, except 3′-FL. We suggest that Secretor phenotype and lactation stage could influence most of the neutral HMOs. Concentrations of specific HMOs may be associated with maternal age, allergic history, pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI), parity, delivery mode, infant gestational age and gender.

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Do gender and birth height of infant affect calorie of human milk? An association study between human milk macronutrient and various birth factors

Abstract: Various maternal-infantile factors were found to affect HM composition. Interestingly, delivery mode, gender of infant, and birth height were associated with changes in HM macronutrient as well as postpartum age.

Cited by 45 publications

References 21 publications

Biochemical Variations of Breast Milk Composition Compared with Substitution Formula in Feeding of Preterm of Mothers With or Without Pathologic Pregnancies

Biochemical Variations of Breast Milk Composition Compared with Substitution Formula in Feeding of Preterm of Mothers With or Without Pathologic Pregnancies

Calorie intake is associated with weight gain during transition phase of nutrition in female extremely low birth weight infants

Neutral Human Milk Oligosaccharides Are Associated with Multiple Fixed and Modifiable Maternal and Infant Characteristics

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